Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group.
The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard,the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
Both the reading passage and the lecture discuss about altruism of mammals like humans and meerkat. The reading passage claim that meerkat which acts as an sentinel sacrifices a lot for the groups in three ways, but the lecture challenges each of the points.
First of all, the author suggests that the meerkat stands as a guard while others eat. He adds that the guard is not allowed to eat while guarding. On the other hand, the professor in the lecture contends that the guard meerkat does not make sacrifice while guarding because he already have been eaten before guarding. So, he does not any chance of being hungry.
Second, the reading argues that while guarding meerkat is first expose to the predator and he will become a prey to the predator. However, the lecturer rebuts the argument. She asserts that the guard meerkat will start running first as it have seen the predator first. She elaborates on this by mentioning that the guard meerkat will be safe as it start running first.
Finally, the passage states that the guard meerkat will be expose by issuing an alarm cry. Nevertheless, like the two suggestions before, the listening proclaims that this recommendation is not feasible because, the alarm cry will draw predator attention to others. She goes on to further maintain that guard meerkat will be safe for this.
In conclusion, the lecture effectively cast doubt on all the claims and theories presented in the reading.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 154, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...assage claim that meerkat which acts as an sentinel sacrifices a lot for the group...
^^
Line 3, column 287, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[3]
Message: The pronoun 'he' must be used with a third-person verb: 'has'.
Suggestion: has
...ifice while guarding because he already have been eaten before guarding. So, he does...
^^^^
Line 5, column 240, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'has'?
Suggestion: has
... meerkat will start running first as it have seen the predator first. She elaborates...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, while, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1209.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 245.0 270.72406181 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.93469387755 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.95632099841 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42421492292 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 127.0 145.348785872 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.518367346939 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 351.9 419.366225166 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.2664314831 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.3571428571 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.07142857143 7.06452816374 114% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0558489303575 0.272083759551 21% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0222167058454 0.0996497079465 22% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0410801233613 0.0662205650399 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0380703764347 0.162205337803 23% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.056998863013 0.0443174109184 129% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 71.14 53.8541721854 132% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.02 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.7 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 50.0 63.6247240618 79% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.