Archaeologists have recently found a fossil of a 150-million-year-old mammal
known as Repenornamus robustus (R. robustus). Interestingly, the mammal's
stomach contained the remains of a psittacosaur dinosaur. Some researchers have
therefore suggested that R. robustus was an active hunter of dinosaurs. However,
a closer analysis has made the hypothesis that R. robustus was an active hunter
unlikely. It was probably Just a scavenger that sometimes fed on dinosaur eggs
containing unhatched dinosaurs.
First, R. robustus, like most mammals living 150 million years ago, was small—
only about the size of a domestic cat. It was much smaller than psittacosaurs,
which were almost two meters tall when full grown. Given this size difference, it is
unlikely that R. robustus would have been able to successfully hunt psittacosaurs
or similar dinosaurs.
Second, the legs of R. robustus appear much more suited for scavenging
than hunting: they were short and positioned somewhat to the side rather than
directly underneath the animal. These features suggest that R. robustus did not
chase after prey. Psittacosaurs—the type of dinosaur found in the stomach of
R. robustus—were fast moving. It is unlikely that they would have been caught by
such short-legged animals.
Third, the dinosaur bones inside the stomach of the R. robustus provide no
evidence to support the idea that the dinosaur had been actively hunted. When
an animal has been hunted and eaten by another animal, there are usually teeth
marks on the bones of the animal that was eaten. But the bones of the psittacosaur
inside the R. robustus stomach do not have teeth marks. This suggests that
R. robustus found an unguarded dinosaur nest with eggs and simply swallowed an
egg with the small psittacosaur still inside the eggshell.
The reading passage and the lecture are both debate about whether R. robustus is an activae hunter or scavenger. Passage states that robustus is just a scavanger and provides three evidence to support the claim based on recently found fossil. However, professor believes that it is an active hunnter by refuting each evidence in the passage.
The passage begin with the claim that robustus is not big enough to hunt a dinosaur like psittacosaur. But professor states that, it hunted baby psittacosaur since they were comparably smaller. Moreover she states that to hunt a animal the predator should be more than twice the mass of the prey and robustus has that requirement. Therefore she argues that, it could hunt baby psittacosaurus or dinosaurs of similar size.
Seondly, passage states that the mammal's legs are not suitable for hunting, as it cannot run fast and catch a fast runner like psittacosaurus. In contrast, professor refute this, providing an example of current mammal with similar legs; "Tasmanian Devil". This animal can run fast and is a good hunter. So she state that robustus should also be a good hunter as both share same kind of legs positioning and size.
Final argument in passage is about the absent of teeth marks in the fossil recently found. So passage claim that the prey was not actively hunted. However professor states that robustus did now chew it's preys, but swallow the whole or big chunks. Therefore she states that we cannot expect teeth marks in fossils. Futhermore she supports the claim by stating that, robustus did not use its back teeth for chewing.
In conclsion, the professor try to claim that robustus is an active hunter by giving evidence against the arguments provided in the passage.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 89, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s not big enough to hunt a dinosaur like psittacosaur. But professor states that,...
^^
Line 3, column 196, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
...aur since they were comparably smaller. Moreover she states that to hunt a animal the pr...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 229, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...aller. Moreover she states that to hunt a animal the predator should be more than...
^
Line 3, column 333, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...prey and robustus has that requirement. Therefore she argues that, it could hunt baby psi...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 148, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
... that the prey was not actively hunted. However professor states that robustus did now ...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 248, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...s, but swallow the whole or big chunks. Therefore she states that we cannot expect teeth ...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, moreover, so, therefore, in contrast, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1469.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 291.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04810996564 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13022058845 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62419682832 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.525773195876 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 453.6 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 30.2200264725 49.2860985944 61% => OK
Chars per sentence: 81.6111111111 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.1666666667 21.698381199 75% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.61111111111 7.06452816374 51% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.145581661568 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0507947960046 0.0996497079465 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0451666098658 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0853298959612 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0207706816878 0.0443174109184 47% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.71 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.07 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.