Brendan the Navigator was an Irish priest who lived in the 6th century. He is most famous for embarking on a voyage in search of the mythical “Island of the Blessed.” The details of Brendan's voyage, recorded as stories in old manuscripts, suggest to some that Brendan and his crew reached North America during their voyage, becoming the first Europeans to do so Those who advance this theory support it with several arguments
First, the written stories about Brendan’s voyage seem to make references to places his crew would have visited on the way to North America Sailors in Brendan's time typically traveled from island to island to avoid the dangers of long periods on the open seas A journey from Ireland to North America would have taken Brendan to the Faroe Islands. Iceland, and Greenland before reaching the North American continent (see illustration). Places described in the stories about Brendan’s voyage share characteristics with some of those island locations.
Second, a team of researchers recently constructed a boat resembling a curragh, an old Irish boat of the type used by Brendan Curraghs had a wooden frame with cowhides stretched over it. In building the boat, the researchers used only materials and techniques available in Brendan’s time. The researchers were able to sail this boat from Ireland to North America, demonstrating that boat technology in Brendan’s time was sufficient for a journey across the Atlantic Ocean
Third, old markings that may have a connection to Brendan’s voyage have been discovered at several locations in North America Cut into rocks, these markings consist of narrow vertical lines resembling letters of ogham, an old Irish alphabet in frequent use in Brendan’s time. The resemblance of those marks to ogham has convinced some that the markings were made by members of Brendan’s crew
The author of passage and the lecturer have conflicting opinions about first voyager that discovered North America, specially an European priest. The author believes that the priest was the first person that discovered North America and rases three reason to approve it. However, the lecturer explains how each reason is as acceptable as sounds and he presented three viewpoints to cast doubt on claims made in the passage.
First of all, the passage refers to the stories about Brandon voyage that describe many islands like burning hill. It mentions that some of those islands are pretty similar to Faroe and Greenland. this specific argument is challenged by the lecturer by presenting an example about burning hill which shoes that maybe ships reached to another places that colonized by people and those signs are just place of fire that they made.
The second reason in the passage has to do with the technology that used in their boats. It contends researchers reconstructed a boat by using technology in Brandon time in Ireland that shows they could pass long distances. On the other hand, the professor questions this idea by saying that the boats in Brandon time were shorter than discovered boat and maybe they constructed by native Americans.
Finally the passage refers to old markings in north America that are similar to an Irish old Alphabet. It mentioned that the similarities between them show that Brandon fellas made them. Conversely, with reference to the account of the lecturer, those signs are not belong to Irish Alphabet. He states that there is a lot of sings that they are look like pictures. Such as sun, hand and trees that you can not find them in Irish Alphabet. He indicates that they made by native Americans by carving them on stone.
- Would you prefer to take courses taught by professors with whom you have already had other classes during your past years of study or would you prefer to take courses with professors whose classes you have never taken before Why 73
- Although the sale of rhinoceros horns is illegal worldwide rhinoceroses Rhinos are commonly poached hunted illegally for their horns which can be sold for tens of thousands of dollars per kilogram Rhino horns are so valuable that one type of rhino is alre 80
- Amtrak is an intercity train service currently owned by the United States government There are a number of critics who believe that the government should not own Amtrak and that Amtrak should be sold to a privately owned company These critics put forward 80
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement After completing high school students should take at least a year off to work or travel before they begin studying at a university 73
- An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter than air gas Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today having been largely replaced by airplanes and helic 85
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 127, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...hat discovered North America, specially an European priest. The author believes th...
^^
Line 2, column 197, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... pretty similar to Faroe and Greenland. this specific argument is challenged by the ...
^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...they constructed by native Americans. Finally the passage refers to old markings in n...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 267, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'belonged'.
Suggestion: belonged
...nt of the lecturer, those signs are not belong to Irish Alphabet. He states that there...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, however, if, look, may, second, so, as to, such as, first of all, with reference to, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 22.412803532 183% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1476.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95302013423 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4483769716 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.540268456376 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 453.6 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.4349577593 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.4 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.8666666667 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.66666666667 7.06452816374 123% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.111213993496 0.272083759551 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0390720610895 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0370698006639 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.062502120472 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0362062858414 0.0443174109184 82% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.43 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.81 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 127, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'a' instead of 'an' if the following word doesn't start with a vowel sound, e.g. 'a sentence', 'a university'
Suggestion: a
...hat discovered North America, specially an European priest. The author believes th...
^^
Line 2, column 197, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... pretty similar to Faroe and Greenland. this specific argument is challenged by the ...
^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...they constructed by native Americans. Finally the passage refers to old markings in n...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 267, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'belonged'.
Suggestion: belonged
...nt of the lecturer, those signs are not belong to Irish Alphabet. He states that there...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, however, if, look, may, second, so, as to, such as, first of all, with reference to, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 22.412803532 183% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1476.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 298.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.95302013423 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4483769716 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.540268456376 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 453.6 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.4349577593 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.4 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.8666666667 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.66666666667 7.06452816374 123% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.111213993496 0.272083759551 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0390720610895 0.0996497079465 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0370698006639 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.062502120472 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0362062858414 0.0443174109184 82% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.43 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.81 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.