Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel Petroleum is a finite resource;. Someday, we will run out of oil The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell. engines can not easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel- cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine This is true for one simple reason:. A fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
Both, the reading and the lecture, talk about the alternative of using hydrogen as replacement of oil as cars’ main source of power cars. While the reading states that hydrogen is a plausible and promising option, the professor explains that the author’s expectations are too high, and refutes each reason presented, casting doubts in the author’s beliefs.
Firstly, the reading points out that the hydrogen is an almost infinite source of power, which could be found in sources like natural gas or water. Notwithstanding, the lecturer disproves this by stating that hydrogen is not the solution to the problem, owing to that substance cannot be obtained directly from those sources, on the contrary, it is needed a complex process to get it. The elevated difficulty of the process makes it costly.
Secondly, the text argues that the hydrogen solve the uncountable pollution problems related to the use of oil as combustible. Nonetheless, the professor mention that actually it is not correct that argument, because all the industrial activity required to obtain the hydrogen have to be energized using oil or coal, which release high level of pollution when they are burned.
finally, the writer remarks that this solution is economically competitive, due to people save money using it. However, the lecturer remarks the weakness of this point, noting that creating the hydrogen has a high cost of operations, therefore, the final cost is far to be cheap. Furthermore, to obtain an effective chemical reaction inside the hydrogen-based engine, one of the components needed it the platinum, which is rare and costly product and the efforts made to find an alternative to replace it, have not got promising outcomes.
- Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 73
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- The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea ot 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ubts in the author's beliefs. Firstly, the reading points out that the...
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Line 13, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ty of the process makes it costly. Secondly, the text argues that the hydro...
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Line 21, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...of pollution when they are burned. finally, the writer remarks that this so...
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Line 25, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Finally
...ution when they are burned. finally, the writer remarks that this solution ...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, finally, first, firstly, furthermore, however, if, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, while, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1487.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 278.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.34892086331 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08329915638 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.90720706283 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 160.0 145.348785872 110% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.575539568345 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 456.3 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 64.61184102 49.2860985944 131% => OK
Chars per sentence: 148.7 110.228320801 135% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.8 21.698381199 128% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.9 7.06452816374 183% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.16444081699 0.272083759551 60% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.062861474893 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0711764518012 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0934829960996 0.162205337803 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.040668072922 0.0443174109184 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.7 13.3589403974 132% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.07 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.8 11.0289183223 125% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.05 12.2367328918 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.8 8.42419426049 116% => OK
difficult_words: 85.0 63.6247240618 134% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.