During the day, most plants position their leaves so the leaves can collect sunlight. However, at night, some plants fold their leaves. There is no general agreement about why this occurs, but there are several competing theories as to why it might be beneficial for plants to fold up their leaves at night.
Protection Against Cold
First, some scientists believe that plants fold their leaves at night to protect themselves against the cold. An open leaf has a large surface area exposed to the air, which means it will readily lose heat on a cold night. A folded leaf has less of its surface exposed to the air, and will lose less heat. By folding their leaves at night, plants may protect their leaves from freezing.
Protection Against Infection
Folding leaves may be a mechanism to keep the leaves from getting wet if it rains. Leaves are vulnerable to diseases caused by fungal infection. When leaves are wet, the chance of infection is
greater, since fungal spores (small particles through which fungi reproduce) require water to spread to new locations. If the leaves stay dry, the risk of fungal infection is reduced.
Elimination of Nighttime Light
Finally, many plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the right time. These plants often keep track of the season based on how much sunlight there is in a day. Plants' sense of time can be distorted when their leaves are exposed to sources of light at night, such as moonlight. The purpose of folding leaves may be to limit leaf exposure to nighttime light, which may help plants track the seasons more accurately.
The passage discusses that normally plants have their leaves unfolded toward the sunlight during the day, however, they fold up their leaves at night, and the writer puts forward several reasons for doing so. Whereas, the lecture casts doubt on all of them by serious counterarguments.
First and foremost, The article asserts that Plants fold their leaves to keep themselves away from freezing at night when it gets too cold. On the other hand, The professor points out that none of the plants have internal heat thereby exposed to cold weather they will be frizzed whether their leave is open or folded. Therefore, protection against cold is not reliable.
Secondly, The writer contends that vegetarians fold their leaves to protect themselves against fungal infections that require water to spread. The speaker, conversely, Calls this contention into question. He explicitly states that leaves will be wet in any way even a little bit, and that is enough for fungal infection to spread out. As a result, plants are unable to protect themselves against fungal infections through this way.
Last but not least, The author claims that plants fold their leaves at night to eliminate night light interfering with their accurate natural sense to track seasons. On the contrary, The lecture clears out that there are a large number of plants that are not exposed to night light such as moonlight, and fold their leaves; so as to it proves otherwise.
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- An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter than air gas Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today having been largely replaced by airplanes and helic 90
- Some universities expect the students to choose a major field of study when they enter the school while other universities wait until the second or the third year before students deciding to choose a major field of study Which do you prefer Why or why not 93
- The Northern Pacific sea star which is native to the coasts of Japan Korea and China has recently appeared thousands of kilometers away Because this sea star now threatens to harm marine ecosystems in new and distant areas scientists are currently investi 81
- some people believe when bust parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolw 66
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 210, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Whereas” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...s forward several reasons for doing so. Whereas, the lecture casts doubt on all of them...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 268, Rule ID: LITTLE_BIT[1]
Message: Reduce redundancy by using 'little' or 'bit'.
Suggestion: little; bit
...at leaves will be wet in any way even a little bit, and that is enough for fungal infectio...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 221, Rule ID: LARGE_NUMBER_OF[1]
Message: Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use 'many' or 'numerous'
Suggestion: many; numerous
..., The lecture clears out that there are a large number of plants that are not exposed to night li...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 324, Rule ID: SO_AS_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'to'
Suggestion: to
...ch as moonlight, and fold their leaves; so as to it proves otherwise.
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, second, secondly, so, therefore, whereas, as to, such as, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1210.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 239.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.06276150628 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93187294222 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.46876816798 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 144.0 145.348785872 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.602510460251 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 345.6 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 50.5979126084 49.2860985944 103% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.0 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.7272727273 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.5454545455 7.06452816374 178% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.365515520525 0.272083759551 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.128847219548 0.0996497079465 129% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.106148255152 0.0662205650399 160% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.230873037487 0.162205337803 142% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0627270286612 0.0443174109184 142% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 67.08 53.8541721854 125% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 52.0 63.6247240618 82% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.