At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations. One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions. Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions. The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth;s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve
The reading and the lecture are both about the mass-extinction that happened a million years ago. The author of the reading believes that scientists has found some plausible explanations for this event. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. She thinks that reasons mentioned by the article are not convincing.
First of all, the author points out that at the end of the Triassic period, sea levels fell and habitats of some animals living in the shallow seas or coastal parts ruined by this phenomena. It is mentioned that this event may have caused the mass-extinction, since it totally changed the food chain. This point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that it is true that sea levels were fluctuating. However, this happened in a quite gradual way and animal species living in that habitats were capable of adapting themselves to the new conditions.
Secondly, the author contends that volcanic activities rised. Therefore, the amounts of sulfur dioxide increased and it caused a global cooling. The lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that for cooling the temperature, sulfur dioxide should rise during a short period of time. She states that sulfur dioxide is still present in the atmosphere and since it can combine with water, it will go back to the atmosphere during the natural cycles. Hence, the amounts of this chemical might not explain the mass-extinction.
Finally, the author states that asteroids fell into Earth's surface and they might damaged it strictly. Actually, the article establishes that debris made by this asteroids may block sunlight for months and years and this might be the reason of the extinction of different flora and fauna species. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that there are no signs of asteroids found on the Earth's surface. She puts forth the idea that the sides found on the Earth, were related to twelve million years before the extinction and this is a long period to relate these two events.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents jobs 78
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 204, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... plausible explanations for this event. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made...
^^^
Line 3, column 81, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'levels'' or 'level's'?
Suggestion: levels'; level's
... at the end of the Triassic period, sea levels fell and habitats of some animals livin...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 176, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...shallow seas or coastal parts ruined by this phenomena. It is mentioned that this ev...
^^^^
Line 5, column 270, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...lfur dioxide should rise during a short period of time. She states that sulfur dioxide is stil...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, hence, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, still, therefore, first of all, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 40.0 22.412803532 178% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1662.0 1373.03311258 121% => OK
No of words: 331.0 270.72406181 122% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02114803625 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.26537283232 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.60195398996 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 177.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.534743202417 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 495.0 419.366225166 118% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 47.4306608643 49.2860985944 96% => OK
Chars per sentence: 87.4736842105 110.228320801 79% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.4210526316 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.31578947368 7.06452816374 104% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.235422249667 0.272083759551 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0603076984325 0.0996497079465 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0636796973165 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.132227259538 0.162205337803 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0450629368456 0.0443174109184 102% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.54 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.44 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.