Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
The article and the lecture are both about dinosaurs are endothems or not. The author of the reading feels that dinosaurs are endothems.The lecturer challengers claims made by the author. He thinks dinosaurs are not endothems.
First of all, the author argue that fossils found in polar regions indicate that dinosaurs are endothems. The article is mention that since dinosaurs were able to maintain their body temparature that is why dinosaurs were able to live in polar regions. This point is challenges by the lecturer. He claims That dinosaurs might migrate to womer ears when the cold season comes. Furthermore he says in womer seasons the polar regions are not colder like thease days.
Secondly, the author suggest that endothems legs are position undre the body not in the sides of their body. The article notes that dinosaurs legs also position under the body. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggest that dinosaurs are havy weait animals there for their legs are situatet under their body.
Finally, the author state that having haversian canals in dinosaurs bons prove that dinosaurs are endothems. Moreover the article says that these haversian canals allow animals to grow quickly. In contast ther lecturer's position is that groth rings present in dinosaurs body indicate that they rapidly grove when the enviraoment is cool and slowly grow when the enviroments is hot. He notes that because of the slowing of their groth makes groth rings.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-21 | liboooyang | 81 | view |
| 2020-01-04 | Tharwat | 83 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | savikx | 66 | view |
| 2019-12-18 | TEJAS PATIL | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-14 | fafar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 137, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...ding feels that dinosaurs are endothems.The lecturer challengers claims made by the...
^^^
Line 1, column 137, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...ding feels that dinosaurs are endothems.The lecturer challengers claims made by the...
^^^
Line 5, column 95, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...olar regions indicate that dinosaurs are endothems. The article is mention that s...
^^
Line 5, column 378, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Furthermore,
... womer ears when the cold season comes. Furthermore he says in womer seasons the polar regi...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 216, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'He' must be used with a third-person verb: 'suggests'.
Suggestion: suggests
.... The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggest that dinosaurs are havy weait animals t...
^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 110, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
...ons prove that dinosaurs are endothems. Moreover the article says that these haversian c...
^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 290, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... present in dinosaurs body indicate that they rapidly grove when the enviraoment ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, moreover, second, secondly, so, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1236.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 239.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17154811715 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93187294222 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38087446654 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 116.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.485355648536 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 378.9 419.366225166 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.5668555077 49.2860985944 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.25 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.9375 21.698381199 69% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.25 7.06452816374 74% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.125746786798 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0433607095277 0.0996497079465 44% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0344646815754 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.07839651024 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0184621048224 0.0443174109184 42% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.11 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.44 8.42419426049 88% => OK
difficult_words: 47.0 63.6247240618 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 63.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.