Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals
that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans
are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no
matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because
dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it
was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However,
dinosaurs differ in many ways from modern reptiles, and there is
now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact,
endotherms.
Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that
dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only
animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the
surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and
movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows
sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient
only if an animal’s legs are positioned underneath its body, not at
the body’s side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The
legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so
were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs
were endotherms.
Haversian canals
There is also a connection between endothermy and bone
structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures
called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood
vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body
growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of
Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an
endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense
with Haversian canals.
The reading and the lecture both discusses about "are dinosauras endotherms or not?" there three possible explanation presented in the reading stating the reason for dinosauras being endotherms the lecture challenges this by giving three flaws in the the giving reasons. lectures states that the three opinion presented are fallacious.
First of all, The author suggest that dinosaurs are endotherms because they live in polar regions and in order support the claim the author mentions that only certain animals that can moderate there body temperature can survive in cold conditions. this argument is challenged in the lecture by stating that the polar regions were warmer back then. Futhermore the lecturer mentions that the dinosaurs could have migrated to warmer places also could have hibernated in the colder times.
Secondly,The writer contends that leg postions and movement help in identifying that dinosaurs are endotherms he suggest that dinosaurs can perform physical activity like running and which leads to the fact that dinosaurs have feet under their body and the legs of modern endotherms are beneath their body so dinosaurs are endotherms. The lecturer however, rebuts this by asserting that the legs of dinosaurs are beneath their body because of fact that dinosaurs have large body structure are inorder to support it they have legs below their body.
Finally, it is stated in the article that presence of harvesian structure in the body leads to the assumption that dinosaurs are to be considered endotherms. The author establishes the above fact by stating that haversian canals allow rapid growth of animals and rapid growth is harbinger of endothermy. Thus the presence of haversian canals is strongly backs the claim that dinosaurs are endotherms. however, on the other hand the lecturer posits that the dinosaurs also have growth rings which means that the dinosaurs grow at a slow speed or do not grow at all during certain phase which is not a characteristic of endotherm because endotherms always grow rapidly.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-09-05 | brijeshshah41 | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 258, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...hallenges this by giving three flaws in the the giving reasons. lectures states that th...
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Line 1, column 258, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...hallenges this by giving three flaws in the the giving reasons. lectures states that th...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 282, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Lectures
... three flaws in the the giving reasons. lectures states that the three opinion presented...
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Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...erature can survive in cold conditions. this argument is challenged in the lecture b...
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Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , The
...ed in the colder times. Secondly,The writer contends that leg postions and m...
^^^^
Line 13, column 114, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'he' must be used with a third-person verb: 'suggests'.
Suggestion: suggests
...ifying that dinosaurs are endotherms he suggest that dinosaurs can perform physical act...
^^^^^^^
Line 19, column 305, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...apid growth is harbinger of endothermy. Thus the presence of haversian canals is str...
^^^^
Line 19, column 402, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...he claim that dinosaurs are endotherms. however, on the other hand the lecturer posits ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, thus, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 21.0 12.0772626932 174% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1748.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 326.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.36196319018 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24917287072 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64087627184 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.463190184049 0.540411800872 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 531.9 419.366225166 127% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 83.7218930263 49.2860985944 170% => OK
Chars per sentence: 158.909090909 110.228320801 144% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.6363636364 21.698381199 137% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.54545454545 7.06452816374 135% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.132731559042 0.272083759551 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0468965005913 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.043746435138 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0802688297738 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0235600287221 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.6 13.3589403974 139% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 42.04 53.8541721854 78% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 11.0289183223 132% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.4 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.