Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The passage posits that Edmontosaurus, which lived in the Alaka's North Slope, migrated to south to survive the winter and the writer presents three arguments supporting this theory. The lecturer, howerever, refutes the arguments saying that they are not convincing.
First, the passage states that the dinosaur's diet support the migration theory as it only fed on plants which was very difficult to grow in the harsh cold of the north. The lecturer rebuts this point by stating that one hundred million years ago, the summer in the North was much warmer than current time . In addition, In the arctic, the sun shines for twenty four hours during the summer. This warm weather provided a hospitable condition for huge vegitations to grow. During the winter, even the leftover dead vegetation could provided nutrition for the edmontosaurs. Thus, no migration for food was needed.
Secondly, the passage further added that, finding skeletons of edmontosaurs in the same site provides support that it lived in a herd which in turn prove support to the theory that it was a migratory animal. In support, the passage says that many modern animal which are migratory, lives in herd. The lecturer, however, rebuts this point by stating that there are various reasons for animals to live in a herd. She, for example, said that living in a herd provides extra protection. Moreover, she provided an example of Rosevelt Elk, which lives in a herd and is a plant eater but doesn't migrate. So, this theory does not hold.
Finally, the passage states that the edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. However, the lecturer ponits out that althogh the adult dinosaurs were capable of having higher speed of movement, but the juvenile dinosaurs were not capable of such speed. These juvenile dinosaurs would have slowed down the whole herd. Thus it would not have been possible for the dinosaurs to migrate such long distance within time as they wont be able to left the juvenile dinosaurs behind. Thus they did not migrate, rather stayed in the North.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 305, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
... North was much warmer than current time . In addition, In the arctic, the sun shi...
^^
Line 5, column 355, Rule ID: EN_COMPOUNDS
Message: This word is normally spelled with hyphen.
Suggestion: twenty-four
...tion, In the arctic, the sun shines for twenty four hours during the summer. This warm weat...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 531, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'provide'
Suggestion: provide
...even the leftover dead vegetation could provided nutrition for the edmontosaurs. Thus, n...
^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 582, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...ives in a herd and is a plant eater but doesnt migrate. So, this theory does not hold....
^^^^^^
Line 13, column 341, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... would have slowed down the whole herd. Thus it would not have been possible for the...
^^^^
Line 13, column 498, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
... to left the juvenile dinosaurs behind. Thus they did not migrate, rather stayed in ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, for example, in addition
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1737.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 343.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.06413994169 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.30351707066 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45237044684 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 191.0 145.348785872 131% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.556851311953 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 525.6 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 49.1590780879 49.2860985944 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.4210526316 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0526315789 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.05263157895 7.06452816374 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.149413051883 0.272083759551 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0431017597834 0.0996497079465 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0526322132533 0.0662205650399 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.087817879423 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0636025963003 0.0443174109184 144% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.77 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.4 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 84.0 63.6247240618 132% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.