Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur’s diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters
In this set of material, the reading and listening both discuses the migration of Edmontosaurus. The writer strongly postulates that Edmontosaurus had survived the winter of Alaskas North slope by migrating to the south and provides three theories to endorse its idea. However, the lecturer clearly refutes the claims by stating that they are dubious and unconvincing, and gainsays each of them.
First and foremost, the writer beginst by asserting that because there was dearth of food supply for Edmontosaurus during the harsh climate of winter, they migrated to warmer temperate zone. On the other hand, the speaker dismisses these points by mentioning that weather condition of north slope was lot warmer in the past unlike today, therefore animal could not have any need for migration. On top of that, warmer weather had supported vegetation in the summer and had provided the edmontosarus with dead nutrional plants during the winter too. Hence, this claim is wrong.
Furthermore, the lecture posits that living in a herd did not mean that every herd migrated too. To be more specific, living in herds serves other functions such as it provides the animal with protection from predators. He exemplifies his claim by Elk that they lived in herds in the same area but did not migrate. these claims clearly refute the writer's implication that because edmontosaurus lived in herds, they would have migrated too like all herds animals.
Ultimately, the writer wraps its arguments by stating that the animal had ability to run extremely fast which enabled them to cover long distances towars south. NOt surprisingly, the writer takes an issue with that by contending that though adult had run fast , there were young animals in the herd too who are not physically capable to run such long distance swiftly. Moreover,when those left juvenile youngs would have fallen on ground, the other herd would not have left them alone and migrated to south.Not only this but also it had caused the speed of the migratory animals reduced too.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-03-03 | mana000 | 80 | view |
| 2023-02-02 | rodriannnn | 3 | view |
| 2023-02-02 | rodriannnn | 3 | view |
| 2022-08-25 | Hello GRE | 3 | view |
| 2022-08-25 | Hello GRE | 3 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 306, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'migrate'
Suggestion: migrate
...d in herds in the same area but did not migrated. these claims clearly refutes the write...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 316, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: These
... in the same area but did not migrated. these claims clearly refutes the writers impl...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 349, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...rated. these claims clearly refutes the writers implication that because edmontosaurus ...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 259, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ontending that though adult had run fast , there were young animals in the herd to...
^^
Line 4, column 377, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , when
...run such long distance swiftly. Moreover,when those left juvenile youngs would had fa...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 416, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'would' requires the base form of the verb: 'have'
Suggestion: have
...r,when those left juvenile youngs would had fallen on ground, the other herd would ...
^^^
Line 4, column 506, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Not
...e left them alone and migrated to south.Not only this but also it had caused the sp...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, such as, on the other hand, on top of that
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1680.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 330.0 270.72406181 122% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09090909091 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.26214759535 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58388531867 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 186.0 145.348785872 128% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563636363636 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 512.1 419.366225166 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.7165054772 49.2860985944 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.0 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5714285714 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.92857142857 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0541362650927 0.272083759551 20% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0170223460144 0.0996497079465 17% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0287231664438 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0304283342549 0.162205337803 19% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0274384553331 0.0443174109184 62% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.54 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.75 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 306, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'migrate'
Suggestion: migrate
...d in herds in the same area but did not migrated. these claims clearly refutes the write...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 316, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: These
... in the same area but did not migrated. these claims clearly refutes the writers impl...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 349, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...rated. these claims clearly refutes the writers implication that because edmontosaurus ...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 259, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ontending that though adult had run fast , there were young animals in the herd to...
^^
Line 4, column 377, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , when
...run such long distance swiftly. Moreover,when those left juvenile youngs would had fa...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 416, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'would' requires the base form of the verb: 'have'
Suggestion: have
...r,when those left juvenile youngs would had fallen on ground, the other herd would ...
^^^
Line 4, column 506, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Not
...e left them alone and migrated to south.Not only this but also it had caused the sp...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, such as, on the other hand, on top of that
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1680.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 330.0 270.72406181 122% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09090909091 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.26214759535 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58388531867 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 186.0 145.348785872 128% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563636363636 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 512.1 419.366225166 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.7165054772 49.2860985944 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.0 110.228320801 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5714285714 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.92857142857 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0541362650927 0.272083759551 20% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0170223460144 0.0996497079465 17% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0287231664438 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0304283342549 0.162205337803 19% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0274384553331 0.0443174109184 62% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.54 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.75 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.