The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900 C.E. There were unusually harsh winters and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth’s climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface. This can decrease the global temperature. Scientists know of several volcanic eruptions that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reasons (disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees and less carbon dioxide, Earth became cooler.
The reading states that Scientists have wondered what actually responsible for Little Ice Age, though,
have proposed several possible causes and provides three reasons of support. However, the lecturer says that this argument is little updated and new information unconvinced this argument and the lecturer refutes each of the author's proposals.
First of all, the article argues that earth climate had changed mainly in Europe and America, Little ice age would have occurred by the disruption of ocean current because cooling would have caused by the Disruption of ocean current. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that this argument only informed the disruption in Europe and America but does not provide any information about the southern area's disruption. Additionally, the lecturer says that the southern hemisphere like Newzeland and South Africa also had disrupted and cooling their temperature thus, Little Ice age has occurred.
Secondly, the author posits that volcanic eruption is another reason for the Little Ice age. the article said that global temperature decreases for a volcanic eruption, dark clouds dust, and sulfur gas permitted into the atmosphere, As a result, this cloud has spread in large areas and block some sunlight from reaching earth's surface. In contrast, however, the lecturer rebuts this claim that Volcanic dust would have produced some vivid effects but that have not reported. Furthermore, the lecturer says that dust has occurred several colorful sunlight and made the snow gray or brown instead of white but no one had reported any colorful effects. So this point does not hold water.
Finally, the article posits that human population declination could have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate change and occurred Little Ice Age. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that for stay constant carbon dioxide, the human population takes little time to become the previous level and could increase very quickly. As a result of food purposes, people again cut down the various number of trees and carbon dioxide would rise again. Moreover, the lecturer states that with more cut down trees and more carbon dioxide, the earth becomes warm again.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 423, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'areas'' or 'area's'?
Suggestion: areas'; area's
...vide any information about the southern areas disruption. Additionally, the lecturer ...
^^^^^
Line 11, column 94, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
... another reason for the Little Ice age. the article said that global temperature de...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, in contrast, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 18.0 7.30242825607 246% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 5.01324503311 319% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1894.0 1373.03311258 138% => OK
No of words: 352.0 270.72406181 130% => OK
Chars per words: 5.38068181818 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.33147354134 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47465849343 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 190.0 145.348785872 131% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539772727273 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 585.9 419.366225166 140% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 56.3293489715 49.2860985944 114% => OK
Chars per sentence: 126.266666667 110.228320801 115% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.4666666667 21.698381199 108% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.26666666667 7.06452816374 131% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.114935918332 0.272083759551 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.040877301831 0.0996497079465 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0452724357062 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0827254599166 0.162205337803 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0604411334479 0.0443174109184 136% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.6 13.3589403974 117% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 39.67 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.22 12.2367328918 116% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.08 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 96.0 63.6247240618 151% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.