Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
In the reading, the author proposes stars are used to navigate for humpback whales because of three reasons. Nevertheless, the speaker holds the arguments questionable.
First of all, the article claims that humpback whales are intelligent enough to use stars. However, the listening challenges this idea that intelligent seems not relative to the ability of that takes the stars as the navigator. For example, the duck could use the star to lead their way, but this competence of the duck which it has looks like nothing to do with the intelligence because the duck is not as intelligent as humpback whales, and it seems more like the natural ability which is inborn.
Moreover, the writer asserts that animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distance when they have some external objects or forces to orient themselves, and stars are that objects to humpback whales. On the other hand, the lecturer casts doubt on it by that humpback whales have a substance in their brains to sensor the field, which suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather than the stars when they migrate.
Lastly, the author present that humpback whales will exhibit an unusual behavior which is considered to the evidence to prove that whales will watch stars to guide them. But the material in the listening identifies an opposite attitude about it that spy-hopping is not only exhibited in whales. Other creatures will also show the same behavior, which is not for watching stars but for hunting the prey. Besides, most of the time when whales display this behavior is during the day and without stars. Thus, it cannot presumptuously to say that spy-hopping is a watching behavior.
To sum up, all the points mentioned in the reading passage are not plausible according to the speaker.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-28 | Amin1990 | 85 | view |
| 2019-12-19 | jewel | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-26 | shrjhn1234 | 73 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | jinjingcarol | 81 | view |
| 2019-11-01 | Seema Modak | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 154, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'orienting'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'force' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: orienting
...ey have some external objects or forces to orient themselves, and stars are that objects ...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, first, however, if, lastly, look, moreover, nevertheless, so, thus, for example, first of all, to sum up, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1520.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.03311258278 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.58233991811 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.526490066225 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 454.5 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 62.9804139743 49.2860985944 128% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.923076923 110.228320801 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.2307692308 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0 7.06452816374 156% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.185345636947 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0603456270689 0.0996497079465 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0578912669106 0.0662205650399 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0914689085901 0.162205337803 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0612527806204 0.0443174109184 138% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.19 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.44 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.