Tpo 49
Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity -- a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The reading and lecture are both about humpback whales who use to migrate in long distance. The author of the reading feels that they nused several strategies for migration especially navigation through the star. However, the lecturer challenged the claim made by the author. He is on the opinion that navigation using star is quite fascinating but not convenient.
To begin with, the author argues that humpback whales are quite intelligent than the other animal. He also mentions that their brain supports cognitive ability that helps them to navigate using star. The specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He states that intelligent does not means that they could navigate. He also elaborates the point by bringing that some dogs are intelligent too but there is no evidence that they could use the star for their direction.
Second, the writer suggests that humpback whales are migrated through even lines. He also adds that some animals migrate by identifying the landmarks but humpback whales possibly can not do that because they swim in the open ocean and that's why they use star. However, the lecturer rebuts this by mentioning evidence shows that they have a bio-magnetic organism that helps them to identify the direction. He also claims that by using bio-magnetic organism they can sense the force of the external objects.
Third, the author posits that humpback whales have erratic behaviour like spy-hopping which is not shown to other animals. By using this technique they actually looking for stars for direction. In contrast, the author position is that some sharks used to migrate using this technique and they use it for hunting. He also mentions that the author should not assume it for the humpback whales.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 60, Rule ID: USE_TO_VERB[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...ture are both about humpback whales who use to migrate in long distance. The author...
^^^
Line 5, column 291, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[3]
Message: The verb 'does' requires base form of the verb: 'mean'
Suggestion: mean
...er. He states that intelligent does not means that they could navigate. He also elabo...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 236, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...because they swim in the open ocean and thats why they use star. However, the lecture...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, however, if, look, second, so, third, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 12.0772626932 166% => OK
Pronoun: 43.0 22.412803532 192% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1468.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 285.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15087719298 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10876417139 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4954745128 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.484210526316 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 446.4 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.8677753649 49.2860985944 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.3529411765 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7647058824 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.403857664952 0.272083759551 148% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.140844903901 0.0996497079465 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0756861248319 0.0662205650399 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.26822974568 0.162205337803 165% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0459428230132 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.29 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.98 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.