Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree’s decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears’ diet. Although the bears’ clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
Both the reading and lecture discuss about the gradually diminishing in the demographic of the yellow cedar, a tress which is banal in northwestern North America. The former argues that scientists have assume various hypothesis in its lessening in the numbers, and there are three possible reasons in the decline in the number of the yellow cedar, but latter challenges each of these points.
First of all, the author of the passage asserts that cedar bark beetle is a one of main reasons behind the diminishing in the number of the yellow cedar, as it feeds on it. However, the professor in lecture contends that this hypothesis does not hold true because yellow cedar usually resist against the insects. Indeed, it contains poisonous chemical, which obviously kill beetle. Moreover, the cedar bark beetle only feed upon damage and death trees rather than healthy one.
Secondly, according to the passage, the expert opined that browns bears is responsible in declining of yellow cedar, since it aggressive claws the trees to obtain high sugar and nutrients from it. In contrast, the lecture objects this idea. He supports his arguments by presenting the example of Island of North costal America where bear population is either low or null. So, the bear has nothing to do with decline in yellow cedar, and bear only feeds on few trees, but not whole forest trees.
Finally, the passage claims that climate changes is main cause of diminishing in yellow cedar, as frost damage root of trees. Nevertheless, like two hypothesis before, the professor in his lecture proclaims that this hypothesis is not feasible because roots are damage in the lower alleviation rather than higher altitudes.
hypothesis is not feasible because
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 203, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'assumed'.
Suggestion: assumed
... The former argues that scientists have assume various hypothesis in its lessening in ...
^^^^^^
Line 14, column 2, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hypothesis
...r than higher altitudes. hypothesis is not feasible because
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, in contrast, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1465.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15845070423 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5201503932 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.55985915493 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 443.7 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.7136370828 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.692307692 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.8461538462 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.76923076923 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.265098323551 0.272083759551 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0847011181844 0.0996497079465 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0443185727859 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.133640654753 0.162205337803 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0614891791892 0.0443174109184 139% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 63.6247240618 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.5 10.7273730684 172% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 203, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'assumed'.
Suggestion: assumed
... The former argues that scientists have assume various hypothesis in its lessening in ...
^^^^^^
Line 14, column 2, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hypothesis
...r than higher altitudes. hypothesis is not feasible because
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, moreover, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, in contrast, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1465.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15845070423 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5201503932 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.55985915493 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 443.7 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.7136370828 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.692307692 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.8461538462 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.76923076923 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.265098323551 0.272083759551 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0847011181844 0.0996497079465 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0443185727859 0.0662205650399 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.133640654753 0.162205337803 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0614891791892 0.0443174109184 139% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 63.6247240618 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.5 10.7273730684 172% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.