In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would
recover.
The article and the lecture both deal with the factors responsible for the declination of frog’s population in the world. Whilst, the author think that pesticides, fungus and reduced wetlands are the 3 specific reasons for this; the lecturer disputes the author’s claim. In the lecturer’s point of view, these reasons do not hold water.
First, the writer claims that the pesticides used to prevent crops from being damaged by insects, is affecting frogs population. Furthermore, it is stated in the article that components of these pesticide enters the frogs body , and affect negatively on their nervous system causing immense breathing difficulties. In contrast, the professor argues
that reducing the use of these pesticides would affect farmer’s economy. Additionally, he also mentions that no or less usage of pesticide would lead to less crops, thus farmers could go in severe loss.
Second, the author claims that overall increased growth of fungus had put frog’s species in danger. Moreover, reading adds that this fungus increases the skin thickening of frogs, which further makes it difficult for frogs to absorb water. As a result, they get dehydrated and die. However, the lecturer challenges this argument by saying
that treating the fungus would be an expensive job. Further, he remarks that applying the antifungal to all frogs is not possible.
Finally, writer asserts that the habitat of frog is in danger because of human activity. Likewise, the lakes and wetlands are being used for human developments. As opposed to this, lecturer highlights that this endangered habitat is a result of global warming and not because of human development.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 190, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this pesticide' or 'these pesticides'?
Suggestion: this pesticide; these pesticides
...tated in the article that components of these pesticide enters the frogs body , and affect nega...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 227, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...of these pesticide enters the frogs body , and affect negatively on their nervous ...
^^
Line 3, column 110, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...my. Additionally, he also mentions that no or less usage of pesticide would lead t...
^^
Line 3, column 154, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun crops is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...r less usage of pesticide would lead to less crops, thus farmers could go in severe ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, likewise, moreover, second, so, thus, in contrast, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1411.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 265.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.32452830189 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03470204552 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73246210285 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.611320754717 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 416.7 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.885868466 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.0666666667 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6666666667 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.33333333333 7.06452816374 104% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.153242062852 0.272083759551 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0524269175725 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0548699984223 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0717484967433 0.162205337803 44% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0426289541177 0.0443174109184 96% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.28 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.6 8.42419426049 114% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 190, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this pesticide' or 'these pesticides'?
Suggestion: this pesticide; these pesticides
...tated in the article that components of these pesticide enters the frogs body , and affect nega...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 227, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...of these pesticide enters the frogs body , and affect negatively on their nervous ...
^^
Line 3, column 110, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...my. Additionally, he also mentions that no or less usage of pesticide would lead t...
^^
Line 3, column 154, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun crops is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...r less usage of pesticide would lead to less crops, thus farmers could go in severe ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, likewise, moreover, second, so, thus, in contrast, as a result
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1411.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 265.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.32452830189 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03470204552 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73246210285 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.611320754717 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 416.7 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.885868466 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.0666666667 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6666666667 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.33333333333 7.06452816374 104% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 4.09492273731 147% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.153242062852 0.272083759551 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0524269175725 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0548699984223 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0717484967433 0.162205337803 44% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0426289541177 0.0443174109184 96% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.28 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.6 8.42419426049 114% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.