Salmon, a fish prized for both food and sport, has a complex life cycle. After spending several years in the ocean, adult salmon travel back to the freshwater streams where they were originally spawned, to lay their eggs. the females bury the eggs under the sand at the bottom of the streams. when the fish are large enough, two years after hatching, the young salmon, called smolts, drift into rivers from smaller streams. the smolts use the strong flow from the melting snows to get to the pacific ocean, where they travel until they return to start the cycle again.
the damming of river systems in the northwestern region of the united states has had devastating effects on salmon. not only are dams an obstacle for salmon navigating upstream, but they are also an impediment for the smolts travelling to the sea. the current itself has become very slow, not just because of the construction of numerous dams but also because companies intentionally operate dams to slow the current. they store the water from the melting snow until the winter, when more electric power is needed. as fewer smolts reach the oceans and fewer adults return, salmon fail to produce a sufficiently numerous new generation. this could eventually lead to the extinction of the fish.
attempts are being made to get the young salmon downriver more quickly. one such attempt has consisted of transporting the smolts by barge. another suggestion, proposed by environmentalists, is to increase the rate of water flow. also under consideration is the reduction of the water level in the reservoirs for a period in the spring when the smolts are migrating downstream. this would also increase the flow rate temporarily, without requiring massive amounts of water, and thus enable the young salmon to move downstream faster.
The sources describe about the continuity of salmon’s generation that is threatened by the construction of dams. While the passage already explains the impact of slow water flow to salmon’s generation, the lecture provides further explanation on why their life cycle is challenged after the dams established. Then, the lecture tells about the criticism of the solution proposals.
Salmon’s life cycle is complex as they breed in the freshwater, migrate to downstream, spend years in the sea and then return to freshwater again to restart the cycle. The construction of dams, however, has endangered their generation as it lengthens smolts’ migration time from freshwater to ocean.
Previously, smolts took 6-20 days to reach ocean. And during these period, their body condition changes to adapt to saltwater condition. Nowadays, migration time can take up to 60 days. Many of them can’t survive with this new condition because their bodies have adjusted to seawater while actually they are still in freshwater. With few smolts can reach ocean
Scientists have criticized the solution of transporting young salmons using barge because they argue that it has killed more salmons than it saves. The lecture then expresses her doubt on the other proposal, which is increasing water flow rate. She argued that this proposal would not solve the whole problems of declining number of salmons.
The power companies, unfortunately, declined these proposals for some untold reasons. Such proposals might have a negative economic impact to their business operation in water management.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-10-10 | kantanandana | 78 | view |
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- the insecticidal properties of DDT, a whit crystalline compound, were discovered in 1942. during world war II this pesticide was used to control the spread use of typhus and malaria. then in the postwar era it began to be used extensively as an agricultur 60
- Many people believe that parents are too permissive with their children nowadays Do you agree that this is a problem Defend your answer 81
Discourse Markers used:
['actually', 'however', 'if', 'so', 'still', 'then', 'while']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.274914089347 0.261695866417 105% => OK
Verbs: 0.168384879725 0.158904122519 106% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0618556701031 0.0723426182421 86% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0378006872852 0.0435111971325 87% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0481099656357 0.0277247811725 174% => OK
Prepositions: 0.113402061856 0.128828473217 88% => OK
Participles: 0.0343642611684 0.0370669169778 93% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.90462444198 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0378006872852 0.0208969081088 181% => Less infinitives wanted.
Particles: 0.00343642611684 0.00154638098197 222% => OK
Determiners: 0.085910652921 0.128158765124 67% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0171821305842 0.0158828679856 108% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0103092783505 0.0114777025283 90% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1612.0 1645.83664459 98% => OK
No of words: 246.0 271.125827815 91% => OK
Chars per words: 6.55284552846 6.08160592843 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96035189615 4.04852973271 98% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.382113821138 0.374372842146 102% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.321138211382 0.287516216867 112% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.252032520325 0.187439937562 134% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.182926829268 0.113142543107 162% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.90462444198 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.642276422764 0.539623497131 119% => OK
Word variations: 71.1747760939 53.8517498576 132% => OK
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0529801325 107% => OK
Sentence length: 17.5714285714 21.7502111507 81% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.1762373733 49.3711431718 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.142857143 132.220823453 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5714285714 21.7502111507 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.5 0.878197800319 57% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 3.39072847682 0% => OK
Readability: 49.6852497096 50.5018328374 98% => OK
Elegance: 1.66216216216 1.90840788429 87% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.402773812677 0.549887131256 73% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.129820822789 0.142949733639 91% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0930167845763 0.0787303798458 118% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.601744154595 0.631733273073 95% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.141248974779 0.139662658121 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.155492953451 0.266732575781 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.106173165681 0.103435571967 103% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.193379392342 0.414875509568 47% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.148966598973 0.0530846634433 281% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.231958371434 0.40443939384 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.118963924699 0.0528353158467 225% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.26048565121 117% => OK
Positive topic words: 0.0 3.49668874172 0% => More positive topic words wanted.
Negative topic words: 5.0 3.62251655629 138% => OK
Neutral topic words: 1.0 3.1766004415 31% => OK
Total topic words: 6.0 10.2958057395 58% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.