Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
TPO50
The author of the reading believes traveling to Mars has a lot of problems, and the lecturer agrees with the author, that this trip is challenging but she believes it would be possible.
First of all, the reading asserts that space vehicles cannot carry the enough food for travel to Mars, because the distance between Mars and earth is really long and more than distence between Earth and Moon. Conversely, the lecturer argues that the astronauts can use "Hydropanic". This is a method which can grow plant in water instead of soil. As a result, this method can provide them food and Oxegen and water. In this technic the water is recyclying, they help to provide their water too.
Second, the writer claims that, it is harmful to be in zero-gravity ,and it can harm to body because of the long distance between Earth and Mars. On the contrary the speaker believes that humans did a lot of lunch during history , and been in space for month, so they have a solition for it. They can regulary have exercise to build muscel and also they can take Vitamen D and something like this.
Finally, the reading asserts that the astronauts in space can be faced a dangerous radiation and the space craft cannot portect them infront of these radiations even if they add a sheild. Building sheild for space craft is not possible at this time. In contrast, the speaker dismiss this issue because they can build a small sheild instead, and when they face to radiation they can go there. She believes that the level of radiations would not be dangerous or harmful all the time, occasionally radiations is dangerous. This small sheild will not a much wieght so they can add to space craft easily.
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- Summarise the points made in the lecture being sure to explain how they case doubt on specific points made in the reading passage TPO40 Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon On the other ha 70
- Traditions are defined as customary or established ways of doing things in a family community or culture Some people believe that it is important to follow traditions even when those traditions conflict with or are quite different from their own individua 87
- Do you agree or disagree with the statement to generate electricity people should use clean sources like solar and wind and not use polluting sources like coal or oil 70
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today 60
- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is Thus the project o 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 241, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...rther away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars w...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, second, so, thus, at least, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 49.0 30.3222958057 162% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1431.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.78595317726 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64302089391 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.548494983278 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 432.9 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.4352374024 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.25 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.9166666667 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.08333333333 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.376948861487 0.272083759551 139% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.157248752201 0.0996497079465 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.194429025149 0.0662205650399 294% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.259990596946 0.162205337803 160% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.309678322411 0.0443174109184 699% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.6 13.3589403974 102% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 64.04 53.8541721854 119% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.8 12.2367328918 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.42 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.