Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically desinged to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The article discusses about a noise heard in 1960 by the sailors in Russian submarines traveling to the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. The sailors called that noise "Quakers" since it resembled frog croaks. The author declares that the sound was odd and the source of it was unknown and even the submarine's sonar was not able o detect any object nearby. The passage points three possible theories to explain this phenomenon, however, the professor criticize each of these reasons.
First, the article claims that the Orca whales might contribute to these sounds. The author says that these bizarre noises of Orca whale s are very similar to that they were picking up. However, the professor states that Orca whales live near the surface and the submarines travels in deep location of the sea, hence they would not be able to hear the noise from that distance. She also says that the sonar systems would be able to detect whales.
Second, the reading states that the giant squids, giant invertebrates who live deep in the ocean and prey on large fishes, which are not well-known among scientists might was the one to produce these sounds. It is also stated in the article that the squids are soft-bodied and difficult to be detected by sonar. Even though, the lecturer agrees that this theory might be a likely explanation but she avers that the sounds was heard just in 1960 and a decade later all of a sudden the sound was disappeared and there was no reason for the squids to disappear suddenly.
Third, the passage points to another possible theory and suggests that the another country's submarines which was patrolling the area secretly might be the source of these sounds. However, the professor refutes this opinion of the author by pointing to the source's great velocity reported by the sailors. He states that submarine not only are able to move with such a velocity and change direction that fast but also their engines produce a lot of noises which was not captures by the sailors.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 220, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...s' since it resembled frog croaks. The author declares that the sound was odd ...
^^^
Line 1, column 309, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'submarines'' or 'submarine's'?
Suggestion: submarines'; submarine's
...e source of it was unknown and even the submarines sonar was not able o detect any object ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 367, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...as not able o detect any object nearby. The passage points three possible theories ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, however, if, second, so, third, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1666.0 1373.03311258 121% => OK
No of words: 344.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84302325581 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.30665032142 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44560724453 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 169.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.491279069767 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 509.4 419.366225166 121% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.0800800485 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.0 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.5714285714 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.35714285714 7.06452816374 62% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.189206222299 0.272083759551 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0712167042266 0.0996497079465 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.066737471517 0.0662205650399 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.120358270008 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.067488308303 0.0443174109184 152% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.09 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.27 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.