Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds. The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting. A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity. A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The strange sounds near the North Atlantic and Arctic ocean have been a matter of interest for a long time. Both the lecture and the reading passage present different perspectives about the source of this strange sound. The former casts doubt on the hypotheses that these sounds are actually caused by whales, squids or by another submarine. While the latter offers several theories to justify these possible reasons for the odd sounds.
The first point of dispute is revolving around the mating of orca whales. The instructor quickly discards this idea. Although she agrees that this claim is seemed plausible at a first glance, it is highly unconvincing since the orca whales actually make that sound to mate from a large distance. In this connection, the sailors from the submarine shouldn't be able to hear the sound since it is so far away from the whales. Nonetheless, the text claims that the habitat of the Orca whales can be a possible reason behind that sound since they reside near the places of the submarine.
Another point of debate was connected with the possibility of the creation of the sound from giant squids. The professor denies this claim as well by stating that giant squids are still available in those areas as well yet no sound is recorded during the time period from 1980-till now. It is highly unlikely that a source which creates odd noises in the time frame between 1960-1980 is now not creating the noise anymore. However, the article is convinced with the idea that because of the complex brain structure and little knowledge on giant squids, there is a possibility that they create those uneven sounds but detectors fail to detect them.
Last but not the least, the final argument focuses on the idea that another submarine may be responsible for making that noise. One last time the narrator refutes this statement and poses that this seems unlikely as well. She argues that the noise level has been proven to change very quickly. However, the submarine technology is not that much developed yet to respond accordingly. Therefore, it is not possible to create that sound from another submarine. In contrast, the text believes that this sound may be the result of the noise from another submarine.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2023-06-09 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
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| 2022-12-25 | nikki07hung | 61 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 343, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: shouldn't
...nnection the sailors from the submarine shouldnt be able to hear the sound since it is s...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, actually, but, first, however, if, may, nonetheless, so, still, therefore, well, while, even so, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 22.412803532 165% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 48.0 30.3222958057 158% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1832.0 1373.03311258 133% => OK
No of words: 379.0 270.72406181 140% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.83377308707 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.41224685777 4.04702891845 109% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.30369452069 2.5805825403 89% => OK
Unique words: 184.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.485488126649 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 566.1 419.366225166 135% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 2.0 8.23620309051 24% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 1.0 13.0662251656 8% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 379.0 21.2450331126 1784% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 0.0 49.2860985944 0% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 1832.0 110.228320801 1662% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 379.0 21.698381199 1747% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 121.0 7.06452816374 1713% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.184209712281 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.184209712281 0.0996497079465 185% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.120037254656 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0497384534513 0.0443174109184 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 190.8 13.3589403974 1428% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: -304.75 53.8541721854 -566% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 0.0 5.55761589404 0% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 149.9 11.0289183223 1359% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 12.21 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 25.85 8.42419426049 307% => Dale chall readability score is high.
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 53.0 10.7273730684 494% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 153.6 10.498013245 1463% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 191.0 11.2008830022 1705% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.