These days, if you pick up a newspaper or turn on the TV or radio, you may hear or read about the advantages of driverless cars, also called self-driving or autonomous cars. The technology is simple to understand: using sensors and computers, these cars can drive without input from a human. This might sound like science fiction, but such vehicles are already on our roads and they will have a positive impact on our driving experience.
Traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities in the United States, and studies show that most crashes are caused by human error. The software that runs driverless cars is not capable of making mistakes. As a result, such vehicles will be much safer. One technology company has a self-driving car that has driven for over 700,000 miles – over one million kilometers – without an accident: a better record than all but the best human drivers.
In addition, self-driving vehicles are good for the environment because they drive more efficiently. On a typical journey within a city, drivers deal with urban traffic by stopping and starting their engines repeatedly. This type of driving means engines work less efficiently and this causes a lot of pollution. Driverless cars, on the other hand, can communicate with other vehicles, which will reduce traffic problems. Autonomous cars will be able to start and stop their engines less often and travel at higher speeds.
Finally, autonomous cars will give passengers time. Instead of having to focus on driving, human occupants can focus on other things. The average time for commuting to and from work in the United States is about thirty minutes each way. Instead of using this time to focus on the road, passengers in driverless cars can read, watch videos, or catch up on work.
Lecture: https://s3.eu-central-1.wasabisys.com/tstprep-toefl-tests-audio-files/w…
Summarize the main points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made in the reading passage.
In the passage, the author states the advantages of driverless cars over self driving cars. He states that the technology is simple to understand and will have a positive impact on the driving experience of people. The professor mainly disagrees with the idea put forth by the author and provides valid rebuttals to the reasons provided. The professor's argument is as follows.
Firstly, the author states that autonomous cars are more safer as they cannot cause human error and thus prevent traffic accidents. He also gives an example of a driverless car which has driven over 700,000 miles without a single accident to assert his point. However, the professor points out that driverless cars are actually designed by humans and thus any guidance system used in these cars are prone to the same error as regular traffic accidents. He also states that the car mentioned by the author actually hit another car in the past week and thus questions whether driverless cars are really more safer than self driving cars.
Furthermore, the professor states that with the coming of autonomous cars, the driving license would become a thing of the past as people would not be required to drive. Thus, the age limits are no longer in the picture and more and more people would start using cars for transportation and thus would end up causing an increase in pollution. This directly contradicts the author's argument that driverless cars will be good for the environment as they will drive more efficiently and reduce traffic problems.
Finally, the author states that autonomous cars will give people more time to read or catch up on work as they will be free of daily driving time of approximately one hour. While the professor agrees that these cars provide more free time, he questions the need for it. The professor states that most people consider driving relaxing and enjoy doing so while listening to music or radio. With this extra time, the people would go back to read, watch videos or work which is how they spend their regular time in the days anyway.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 343, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'professors'' or 'professor's'?
Suggestion: professors'; professor's
... rebuttals to the reasons provided. The professors argument is as follows. Firstly, the...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 53, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'safer' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: safer
... author states that autonomous cars are more safer as they cannot cause human error and th...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 64, Rule ID: COMP_THAN[3]
Message: Comparison requires 'than', not 'then' nor 'as'.
Suggestion: than
...tes that autonomous cars are more safer as they cannot cause human error and thus ...
^^
Line 3, column 602, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'safer' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: safer
...ions whether driverless cars are really more safer than self driving cars. Furthermore,...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 374, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ollution. This directly contradicts the authors argument that driverless cars will be g...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 480, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ment as they will drive more efficiently and reduce traffic problems. Finally,...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, anyway, but, finally, first, firstly, furthermore, however, really, so, thus, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 5.04856512141 238% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1712.0 1373.03311258 125% => OK
No of words: 350.0 270.72406181 129% => OK
Chars per words: 4.89142857143 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32530772707 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43008356285 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.497142857143 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 526.5 419.366225166 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.9407338719 49.2860985944 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.133333333 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.3333333333 21.698381199 108% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.6 7.06452816374 93% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.256111746118 0.272083759551 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0959662775334 0.0996497079465 96% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0667269174335 0.0662205650399 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.16114715707 0.162205337803 99% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0518989857881 0.0443174109184 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.38 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.98 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.