In the lecture, the professor discusses why the three hypothesis on the cause of Little Ice Age in the passage are not conclusive according to the latest research.
To begin with, the passage claims the Little Ice Age could be attributed to the disruption of the Gulf Stream. However, the professor refutes this by saying that scientists now believe the disrupted ocean currents were only able to influence Europe and North America, so the cooling in southern hemisphere can not be explained by this theory.
Secondly, whilst the second hypothesis believes that dust and gas emitted by volcanoes can significantly reduce temperatures, the speaker points out that lack of documentation of some unusual visual effects caused by dust and gas in the atmosphere, like colorful sunset, indicating that this second assumption is not reasonable.
Finally, the passage believes that declining human population resulted in the spread of forests, absorbing more carbon dioxide and lowering the temperature. Nonetheless, after a temporary decrease, human population grew back quickly, as asserted by the lecturer, demanding more agricultural land. Thus it was impossible for forests to cool the earth in a short amount time.
In conclusion, based on reasons and analysis given by the professor, abnormal ocean currents, volcano eruptions and less human activities are not likely to explain the cause of the Little Ice Age.
- TPO-48 - Integrated Writing Task In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems 85
- TPO-47 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 73
- TPO-43 - Independent Writing Task Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wa 76
- TPO-31 - Integrated Writing Task A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some 67
- The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal."A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situ 87
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 298, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...urer, demanding more agricultural land. Thus it was impossible for forests to cool t...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, thus, in conclusion, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1201.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 222.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.40990990991 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.8600083453 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.88492678109 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.630630630631 0.540411800872 117% => OK
syllable_count: 380.7 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 73.1546948254 49.2860985944 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 150.125 110.228320801 136% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.75 21.698381199 128% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.0 7.06452816374 170% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.345266393149 0.272083759551 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.136023386308 0.0996497079465 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0681599894138 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.167379390257 0.162205337803 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0440760876938 0.0443174109184 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.9 13.3589403974 134% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 35.61 53.8541721854 66% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.0 11.0289183223 136% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.39 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.1 8.42419426049 120% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.