The reading and the lecture are both about the long-term global cooling of the climate called the little ice age occurred from about the year 1350 until 1900 CE. The author of the reading states that there three main reasons which explains this unusual event, whereas the lecturer says that the reasons described in the article are out of date in the light of more recent information about the little ice age.
First of all, the author claims that one of the reasons is that the period that preceded the little ice age was warmer than normal and this led to an increased melting of ice, the resulting flow of cold water disrupted the gulf stream and as consequence of this the climate cooled down. The lecturer casts doubt on this claim. He points out that the gulf stream has an effect on the global ocean circulation, therefore, the change in the climate should have involved the entire globe, but the cooling interested only the northern hemisphere and not for example regions as New Zealand and South Africa.
Secondly, the article contends that another likely theory is that this cooling event is the result of a volcanic eruption, which its resulting dust, could have blocked the sunrays. This argument is rebutted by the lecture that contends that the amount of dust needed to have an effect as the little ice age would have also provoked visual effects such as colorful sunset and unusual big gray clouds. All things that people from that periods would have surely noticed if they have occurred, but no records of any kind have been reported.
Finally, the author mentions that the climate could have cooled down because the population was dramatically reduced, no more trees were cut down for human activity, therefore the increased growth of trees which use carbon dioxide for their own growth, led to a decrease in the CO2 in the atmosphere, and as a consequence of this the climate cooled down. The lecturer, on the other hand, says that is true that there have been a decreasing in the population but that it starts to grow back very quickly, and people cut down again the tree and clear the fields. Therefore, according to the lecturer, there was not enough time for plants to absorb that huge amount of carbon dioxide necessary to provoke a big event such as the little ice age was.
- TPO-42 - Independent Writing Task Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews 85
- TPO-41 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Teachers were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they are nowadays.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- TPO-34 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site.U 73
- TPO-49 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many new friends 66
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 206, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... therefore the increased growth of trees which use carbon dioxide for their own g...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, whereas, for example, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 20.0 12.0772626932 166% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1907.0 1373.03311258 139% => OK
No of words: 402.0 270.72406181 148% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.74378109453 5.08290768461 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.47771567384 4.04702891845 111% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.25432020906 2.5805825403 87% => OK
Unique words: 200.0 145.348785872 138% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.497512437811 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 587.7 419.366225166 140% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 36.0 21.2450331126 169% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 80.33576234 49.2860985944 163% => OK
Chars per sentence: 173.363636364 110.228320801 157% => OK
Words per sentence: 36.5454545455 21.698381199 168% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.4545454545 7.06452816374 162% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.392375307856 0.272083759551 144% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.147176632741 0.0996497079465 148% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0662561753309 0.0662205650399 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.234542506732 0.162205337803 145% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0150765363732 0.0443174109184 34% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 19.2 13.3589403974 144% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.4 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 16.2 11.0289183223 147% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.8 12.2367328918 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.53 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 17.0 10.7273730684 158% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.4 10.498013245 156% => OK
text_standard: 17.0 11.2008830022 152% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.