The reading and the lecture are both about the long-term global cooling of the climate called the little ice age which occurred from about the year 1350 until 1900 CE. The author of the reading states that there are three main reasons to explain this unusual event, whereas the lecturer says that the reasons described in the article are out of date in the light of more recent information about the little ice age.
First of all, the author claims that one of the reasons is that the period that preceded the little ice age was warmer than normal and this led to an increased melting of ice, the resulting flow of cold water disrupted the gulf stream and as a consequence of this the climate cooled down. The lecturer casts doubt on this claim. He points out that the gulf stream has an effect on the global ocean circulation, therefore, the change in the climate should have involved the entire globe, but the cooling interested only the northern hemisphere and not for example regions as New Zealand and South Africa.
Secondly, the article contends that another likely theory is that this cooling event is the result of volcanic eruption. This argument is rebutted by the lecture that contends that the amount of dust needed to have an effect, as the little ice age would have also provoked visual effects such as colorful sunsets and unusual big gray clouds. These are all things that people from that period would have surely noticed if they had occurred, but no records of any kind have been reported.
Finally, the author mentions that the climate could have cooled down because the population was dramatically reduced, no more trees were cut down for human activity, therefore the increased growth of trees which use carbon dioxide for their own growth, led to a decrease in the CO2 in the atmosphere, and as a consequence of this the climate cooled down. The lecturer, on the other hand, says that it is true that there had been a decrease in the population but that it started to grow back very quickly, and people cut down the tree and cleared the field again s. Therefore, according to the lecturer, there was not enough time for plants to absorb that huge amount of carbon dioxide necessary to provoke a big event such as the little ice age was.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 206, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... therefore the increased growth of trees which use carbon dioxide for their own g...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, whereas, for example, such as, first of all, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 45.0 30.3222958057 148% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1872.0 1373.03311258 136% => OK
No of words: 399.0 270.72406181 147% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.69172932331 5.08290768461 92% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46933824581 4.04702891845 110% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.24889830993 2.5805825403 87% => OK
Unique words: 198.0 145.348785872 136% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.496240601504 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 582.3 419.366225166 139% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 36.0 21.2450331126 169% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 83.4136362398 49.2860985944 169% => OK
Chars per sentence: 170.181818182 110.228320801 154% => OK
Words per sentence: 36.2727272727 21.698381199 167% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.5454545455 7.06452816374 178% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.384960421987 0.272083759551 141% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.139555799605 0.0996497079465 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.073623776336 0.0662205650399 111% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.229174541971 0.162205337803 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.00980190636341 0.0443174109184 22% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.8 13.3589403974 141% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.4 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 16.2 11.0289183223 147% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.51 12.2367328918 86% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 17.0 10.7273730684 158% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.4 10.498013245 156% => OK
text_standard: 17.0 11.2008830022 152% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.