TPO-27 Integrated Writing
The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were southern harsh winters, and glaciers grew also in many areas. Scientist have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent evidence amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The article states that the little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature and provides three reasons of support. However, the professor states that those reasons are out of date and refutes the author's reasons. First, the reading explains that cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. The professor refutes the point stating that ocean current may cause for cold temperature in Asia and Europe. but ocean current couldn't be a cause for the little ice age in place like New Zealand and southern part of the earth. Second, the author asserts that volcanoes eruption produced huge amount of dust which spread over large area and prevented sunlight from reaching earth's surface. The professor opposes this by explaining that if there was huge amount of dust creation because of volcanic eruption, people must have noticed that. but there is no such record that people noticed something like this.So this reason also an invalid one. Third, the article states that substantial decrease in human population caused huge amount of plants to grow which absorbs a myriad of Carbon Di Oxide and make the earth colder. The professor explains that world population was less than earlier time for a small span of time. after a certain time , world population started to rise again. So, that small period couldn’t be alone responsible for huge amount of forest trees. after population's rising, people started to use forest area for livelihood.So this is also an invalid reason for The little ice age.
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- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.The cane toad is a large (1.8 kg) amphibian species native to Central and South America. It was deliberately introduced to A 81
- TPO-27 Integrated WritingThe little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were southern harsh winters, and glaciers grew also in many areas. Scientist have lo 66
- Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs wer 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 429, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...or cold temperature in Asia and Europe. but ocean current couldnt be a cause for th...
^^^
Line 1, column 447, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...e in Asia and Europe. but ocean current couldnt be a cause for the little ice age in pl...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 579, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'volcanoes'' or 'volcano's'?
Suggestion: volcanoes'; volcano's
... earth. Second, the author asserts that volcanoes eruption produced huge amount of dust w...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 858, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...ruption, people must have noticed that. but there is no such record that people not...
^^^
Line 1, column 926, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: So
...that people noticed something like this.So this reason also an invalid one. Third,...
^^
Line 1, column 1238, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: After
... earlier time for a small span of time. after a certain time , world population start...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 1258, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...small span of time. after a certain time , world population started to rise again....
^^
Line 1, column 1391, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: After
...nsible for huge amount of forest trees. after populations rising, people started to u...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 1466, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: So
...arted to use forest area for livelihood.So this is also an invalid reason for The ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, second, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1270.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 252.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.03968253968 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98428260373 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40626749633 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.56746031746 0.540411800872 105% => OK
syllable_count: 396.9 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 30.5836712437 49.2860985944 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.6923076923 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3846153846 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.07692307692 7.06452816374 58% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.09492273731 24% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.371221855546 0.272083759551 136% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127307117461 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0846661763663 0.0662205650399 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.371221855546 0.162205337803 229% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.15 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.