The reading passage proposes three arguments regarding pterosaurs' disability of powered flight, all of which are considered ineffective by the lecture.
First off, the professor does not believe that pterosaurs were cold blooded. Instead, pterosaurs were deeply hided by the thick hairs and furs, which might increase their body temperature. Accordingly, metabolism was accelerated and much more energy for flying was generated.
Second, that pterosaurs were too heavy to flap their wings has also been dismissed by the professor. Although pterosaurs were considerably large just like the giraffe, there were many hollows in their bones providing them with light weight so that it was easy for them to manage to accomplish that.
As for the reason that muscles of pterosaurs were too small and weak to provide them with enough height and velocity to launch, the professor gives the explanation as follows. Contrast to birds which has just two limps, pterosaurs were helped by two more limps to push off the ground without any trouble, which also exists in other animals.
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- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 90
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 229, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...lows in their bones providing them with light weight so that it was easy for them to manage ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, also, first, regarding, second, so, as for
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 12.0 22.412803532 54% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 911.0 1373.03311258 66% => OK
No of words: 171.0 270.72406181 63% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.32748538012 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.61617157096 4.04702891845 89% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61315185832 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 112.0 145.348785872 77% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.654970760234 0.540411800872 121% => OK
syllable_count: 270.9 419.366225166 65% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.0921607903 49.2860985944 85% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.875 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.375 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.875 7.06452816374 97% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.36770173781 0.272083759551 135% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.161948994024 0.0996497079465 163% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0634367305767 0.0662205650399 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.211170133565 0.162205337803 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0516494737373 0.0443174109184 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.63 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.74 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 44.0 63.6247240618 69% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.