The article states that Pterosaurs were a type of reptiles that could not fly by flapping their wings, and provides three reasons for support. However the professor says that there are new research illustrates that Pterosaurs may capable to fly, and refutes each of author’s reasons.
First of all, the reading claims that reptiles nowadays are cold-blooded and the reptiles in the past are the same. So they have slow metabolism and low energy to fly. On the other hand the professor opposes this point by saying that scientists found Pterosaurs’ fossils covered with hair like fair. They assume that this hair to control their bodies’ temperature and that indicate these reptiles are warm-blooded and they have faster metabolism to fly.
Secondly, the article posits that Pterosaurs have heavy bodies, so it is difficult for them to fly or even to move their wings for long distance. However, the professor explain this point by saying that Pterosaurs have anatomical features make their bodies light. For instance they have hallow bones instead of solid ones. So there weights are low and they need less energy to keep their bodies into a sky.
Finally, the reading states that Pterosaurs need strong muscles in their legs to push them up while they want to initiate flying such as birds. In contrary the professor asserts that birds depends only on hind limbs to push up , but Pterosaurs use four limbs on the ground. That gives them the ability to run and jump fast enough to fly.
- TPO-16 - Integrated Writing Task The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age, t 80
- TPO-19 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 40
- TPO-48 - Integrated Writing Task In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems 78
- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 75
- TPO-44 - Integrated Writing Task In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 144, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...and provides three reasons for support. However the professor says that there are new r...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 287, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Use past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
...ir bodies light. For instance they have hallow bones instead of solid ones. So there w...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 226, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ds depends only on hind limbs to push up , but Pterosaurs use four limbs on the gr...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, while, for instance, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1253.0 1373.03311258 91% => OK
No of words: 252.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.97222222222 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98428260373 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51824878948 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 144.0 145.348785872 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.571428571429 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 372.6 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.0216897185 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.3846153846 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3846153846 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.38461538462 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.330688253058 0.272083759551 122% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.116319002926 0.0996497079465 117% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0438190832883 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.191914268226 0.162205337803 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0335190122873 0.0443174109184 76% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.55 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.9 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.