There is some discrepancy between the author and the lecturer over the issue of whether humpback whales use stars to navigate during migration or not. The author of the passage believes that they do use stars to travel long distances, while the lecturer thinks otherwise.
First of all, according to the lecture, the usage of starts for navigation by humpback whales can be explained by the fact that they have more complex brains. It is mentioned that they are intelligent enough to be able to use stars. Conversely, the lecturer states that intelligence has nothing to do with the use of stars due to the fact that ducks, which also use stars to migrate, are not really intelligent. He continues by saying that there is no connection between the use of stars and overall intelligence. Clearly, the author and the lecturer maintain different views on whether intelligence is connected to navigation by the usage of stars or not.
The second point author makes is that humpback whales migrate in straight lines and animals need an external object or force to be able to orient themselves during long distance travels. The passage notes that unlike birds, humpback whales can only use stars as an external object. The lecturer, however, introduces the idea that humpback whales have biomagnetants, which lets animals sense magnetic fields of the earth. Furthermore, he says that humpback whales might be using these magnetic fields instead of stars to orient themselves during migration.
Lastly, the author explains how humpback whales display a behavior called spy-hopping that is rarely seen among marine animals. The article establishes that humpback whales might be doing this to look at stars in order to navigate. On the other hand, the lecturer rebuts this argument by suggesting that despite being rarely seen among sea animals, this behavior is also demonstrated by sharks and they use not to navigate but only to hunt. He also puts forth the idea that humpback whales display this behavior even when there are no stars to be seen in the sky. Basically, the lecturer argues that sky-hopping has nothing to do with the use of stars during migration.
In conclusion, the lecture effectively casts doubt on all of the claims and theories presented in the reading.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 283, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...n only use stars as an external object. The lecturer, however, introduces the idea ...
^^^
Line 9, column 55, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
... the lecture effectively casts doubt on all of the claims and theories presented in the re...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, first, furthermore, however, if, lastly, look, really, second, so, while, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 56.0 30.3222958057 185% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1907.0 1373.03311258 139% => OK
No of words: 377.0 270.72406181 139% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.05835543767 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.4064143971 4.04702891845 109% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62105206957 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 177.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.46949602122 0.540411800872 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 585.0 419.366225166 139% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.4328241241 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.176470588 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.1764705882 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.41176470588 7.06452816374 119% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.409485351782 0.272083759551 150% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.144379328136 0.0996497079465 145% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.070964671798 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.210234097089 0.162205337803 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.11250406658 0.0443174109184 254% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.