The lecturer refutes the arguments of the reading passage about the Salton Sea in California. The reading passage suggests that there are three possible approaches to controling rising salinity. However, the listening passage disagrees with each of those solutions.
First of all, the reading says that removing the salt from the lake's water directly using desalination facilities can resolve the issue. However, the lecturer rejects this idea by saying that using desalination facilities can be dangerous because desalination machines can release a variety of potentially toxic chemicals. In other words, this solution has health risks if humans breathe the toxic element from the machine. This contradicts what the reading passage suggests.
Secondly, the reading passage claims that it is a good option to dilute the salt level in the lake by bringing ocean water into the lake. On the other hand, the lecturer opposes this idea by mentioning that this approach requires pipelines and canals. This means that this approach will be financially burdensome and the lecturer suggests the government may lack the necessary funding to proceed with this option. This is another part that refutes the reading passage.
Lastly, the reading passage mentions that it might be feasible to build walls to divide the lake into several areas, which helps to keep the level of salt in the main and largest section. But the listening points out that this approach will not work for a long time, even though this approach may offer a temporary solution. If natural disasters such as earthquakes happen, walls can be easily destroyed.
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- TPO 54 The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being repla 68
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 71
- Genetic modification a process used to change an organism 039 s genes and hence its characteristics is now being used to improve trees Through genetic modification it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit grow faster or withstand adve 70
- TPO 54 The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being repla 78
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, such as, first of all, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1369.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.28571428571 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55832225214 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563706563707 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 415.8 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.7930473086 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.7857142857 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.28571428571 7.06452816374 117% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.263130968747 0.272083759551 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0904972893102 0.0996497079465 91% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.112531633434 0.0662205650399 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.158294969309 0.162205337803 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0794516923521 0.0443174109184 179% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.4 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.49 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.