TPO-54
#LECTURE
The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend threatening the lake's health.
One option is a direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake’s health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake’s salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
#LISTENING
It would be great if we could stop the lake salt level from increasing and save its fish and bird populations. But the solutions you just read about aren't realistic or practical.
First, sure, taking salt out of the lake by desalination would reduce salinity, but it would present some serious problems as well. For example, as you've read, water pumped into desalination facilities evaporates and leaves behind solid materials that would dissolve in the water. Well, the solid materials that desalination facilities leave behind would pose a health risk. The materials will be mostly salt, but they would also include other types of chemicals. Some of the chemicals would be toxic, like selenium. If the wind spread selenium and other chemicals into the air and people breathe them in, that would be very dangerous to people's health.
Second, the idea of bringing ocean water into the lake, again, this would reduce salinity. But as you've read, it would require constructing pipelines or canals. The problem is that the local government may not have enough resources to pay for such major construction. The nearest shoreline of the Pacific Ocean is 100 kilometers away. Pipelines and canals are very expensive to build over such long distances.
As for the third solution, dividing the lake into sections by building a system of walls. Well, that's unlikely to work for very long. That's because the Salton Seas is located in a region that experiences frequent and sometimes intense geological activity, like earthquakes. That activity would almost certainly destroy the walls separating the different sections. So while this solution might work for a short while, the walls would likely collapse the first time there is a major earthquake. And water from the special sections with high salinity would mix back in with the low-salinity salinity from the main section.
The Slaton Sea in California is suffering a severe problem because the salinity has been rapidly increasing for the high evaporation rate. The reading section provided three solutions while the listening part reveals the shortage of them one by one.
The first option is to directly remove the salt from the lake to a particular desalination facility. However, the professor argues this method is dangerous and it will cause a severe health problem for people. When the liquid evaporated into desalinated facilities, stable compounds would be left behind which contain toxic chemicals than those compounds would via the wind floating into the air they would imperil an individual's health.
The second solution is irrigating ocean water into the lake to reduce salinity. The professor finds faults with this plan by indicating that the answer would wholly not make sense. The nearest ocean spot is distant enough for the lake; therefore, constructing pipelines or canals requires a significant amount of resources for the local government.
The last idea is to separate the lake into several parts by building walls. Nevertheless, the professor disputes this measure is merely temporary. For the frequent and intense geological activities like earthquakes, those boundary walls would be quickly destroyed, then the high salinity liquid would finally cross back together.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...als the shortage of them one by one. The first option is to directly remove the ...
^^^
Line 3, column 419, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'individuals'' or 'individual's'?
Suggestion: individuals'; individual's
...ting into the air they would imperil an individuals health. The second solution is irrig...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 182, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...the answer would wholly not make sense. The nearest ocean spot is distant enough fo...
^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... resources for the local government. The last idea is to separate the lake into ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, then, therefore, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 3.0 12.0772626932 25% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1166.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 213.0 270.72406181 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.47417840376 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.82027741392 4.04702891845 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71823282708 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.68544600939 0.540411800872 127% => OK
syllable_count: 364.5 419.366225166 87% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.6332407026 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.0 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3636363636 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.0 7.06452816374 99% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.183618024125 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0674591086921 0.0996497079465 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0622686310518 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.105690043428 0.162205337803 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0240751921494 0.0443174109184 54% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.45 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.32 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.