TPO9- Question : Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they case doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance
The lecture and the reading are both about hydrogen-based fuel for cars. The author of the reading feels that are three explanations for the increase of hydrogen cars. However, the lecture challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that these explanations are faulty.
To begin with, the author argues that Petroleum is a finite resource, so the writer believes that someday gasoline and diesel fuel will run out. The article mentions that hydrogen can be derived from many sources, including natural gas and water. But, these specific argument is rejected by the lecture. He states that the hydrogen is not easy available from the water, also he mentioned that the storage of pure liquid stage of hydrogen is very difficult with technologies that we have currently. Additionally, he says that the process of decrease temperature of hydrogen sometimes is impracticable.
Secondly, the writer suggests that hydrogen-based fuel will solve many causes of world's pollution. The article mentions that the product of burning oil is carbon dioxide which harms the environment. In contrast, in the extreme of the rope the article suggests that the byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water. On the other hand, the lecture rebuts this by mentioning that the process of get hydrogen needs a lot of machines which work with petroleum derived fuel. He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that factories which require oil and coil to operate will not solve the pollution problem of the world.
Finally, the author posits that the cars that use hydrogen fuel will replace the tradicional cars. Moreover, in the article stated that fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance, as a result people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine cars. However, the lecture positions is that people will spend a lot money to use the hydrogen automobile, because the derived hydrogen process is very expensive. Furthermore, he mentions that Platinum metal is necessary to get a fuel-cell which is very costly.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, as a result, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 24.0 12.0772626932 199% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1764.0 1373.03311258 128% => OK
No of words: 345.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11304347826 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.3097767484 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77822117864 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.484057971014 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 556.2 419.366225166 133% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.5958098062 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.0 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1666666667 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.55555555556 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0727511319171 0.272083759551 27% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0293207636817 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0344525907321 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0539480592685 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0391188930846 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, as a result, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 24.0 12.0772626932 199% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1764.0 1373.03311258 128% => OK
No of words: 345.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11304347826 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.3097767484 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.77822117864 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.484057971014 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 556.2 419.366225166 133% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.5958098062 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.0 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1666666667 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.55555555556 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0727511319171 0.272083759551 27% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0293207636817 0.0996497079465 29% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0344525907321 0.0662205650399 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0539480592685 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0391188930846 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.36 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.51 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.