Explain the concept of ritualization using the example of dogs discussed by the professor.
Ritualization
Sociobiologists believe that some communicative behavior in animals is developed through a process called ritualization. In this process, the purpose of a given behavior changes over time—a behavior that originally had a practical purpose develops into one that communicates a specific message. For example, a certain movement or physical feature might evolve to serve as a signal or a warning that other animals will understand. Once a behavior is ritualized, it becomes a form of communication; therefore, if an animal engages in this behavior, other animals will be able to interpret the meaning of the behavior quickly and respond appropriately.
| Post dates | Users | rates | Contents |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-08-18 | kaziass | 83.00 | Check this speaking |
| 2019-10-14 | Seema Modak | 66.00 | Check this speaking |
| 2019-08-15 | Rasna James | Check this speaking | |
| 2019-10-21 | Seema Modak | 66.00 | Check this speaking |
| 2018-07-20 | Elena Cristina | 75.00 | Check this speaking |
- The woman expresses her opinion about the new policy. Briefly describe the policy. Then state the woman's opinion about the policy, and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. 70
- Using the examples of the leafy sea dragon and the cuttlefish describe two kinds of camouflage and the benefits they provide 75
- Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know they might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why. 73
- Explain how the example of the television advertisement for pots and pans from the lecture illustrates the technique of refute-and-persuade. 81
- Briefly summarize the problem the speaker are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation. 83
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 480.0 592.248995984 81% => Need more words or more difficult words.
No of words: 126.0 155.574297189 81% => More words wanted. You may: choose simpler words or speak faster or remove hesitations or remove long pauses, and fully use the time, do NOT save one or two seconds.
Chars per words: 3.80952380952 3.80514564318 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.35036895883 3.525876923 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 1.97891378621 1.79077849142 111% => OK
Unique words: 84.0 93.7148594378 90% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.666666666667 0.604071249207 110% => OK
Syllable count: 151.2 185.844578313 81% => OK
Avg_syllables_per_word: 1.2 1.19417670683 100% => OK
Performance on coherence:
Topic speech coherence ratio: 0.0171188239128 0.0650381309087 26% => It may have issues on recording quality or the content is not so closely related to content.
Acoustic performance on paragraphs:
How many acoustic paragraphs: 4.0 4.35341365462 92% => OK
Average paragraph length: 31.75 68.503853103 46% => The average paragraph length is low.
STD paragraph length: 22.0609949912 21.3332995233 103% => OK
Average paragraph duration: 14.5225 25.9943957902 56% => OK
STD paragraph duration: 10.7210362722 7.84667146824 137% => OK
Acoustic performance on sentences:
How many acoustic sentences: 33.0 42.0642570281 78% => OK
Average acoustic sentence length: 3.81818181818 4.02192344571 95% => OK
STD acoustic sentence length: 2.61063727799 3.1217529195 84% => OK
Average acoustic sentences duration: 1.57515151515 1.45093177766 109% => OK
STD acoustic sentences duration: 0.724238874088 0.99851816184 73% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic silence:(An acoustic silence means a little pause between two or more words)
How many acoustic silence: 35.0 39.0421686747 90% => OK
Total acoustic silence duration: 9.77 7.12997991968 137% => It may have a lot of silences or every silence is too long.
Average acoustic silence duration: 0.279142857143 0.185688545393 150% => Maybe the pauses are too long.
STD acoustic silence duration: 0.199002820204 0.155154303396 128% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic words:
Total word duration: 41.98 47.1480722892 89% => Need to talk more.
Average word duration: 0.333174603175 0.305395592593 109% => OK
STD word duration: 0.180649844559 0.189427763521 95% => OK
Disfluencies: like hesitations, or 'ehn' or taking a long time to pronounce a word:
How many disfluencies: 11.0 7.94979919679 138% => It may have 'ehn' in the speaking, or it has hesitations or overlapping speeches.
Total_disfluencies_duration: 8.23 6.2937751004 131% => Somehow the hesitation is serious.
Total acoustic noise duration: 4.63 3.39508032129 136% => It may have issues on recording quality or have issues on silences or disfluencies.
Acoustic rates:
Total speech duration: 58.09 59.7592369478 97% => Talk more. Do not save time. People can talk 4-5 words in one second.
Compare to expected duration: 0.968166666667 0.995987282463 97% => OK
Rate of silence: 0.602513341367 0.656000678711 92% => OK
Rate of speech: 2.16904802892 2.60215298798 83% => Need to bring more content.
Rate of speech by unique words: 1.44603201928 1.56821927147 92% => More unique words wanted.
Rate of word duration by unique words: 2.00095283468 1.99336655568 100% => OK
Average articulation rates: 0.422178873016 0.317803793328 133% => OK
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Rates: 51.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by speech e-grader: 15.5 Out of 30
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Note: the speech e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas.