Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake. The level of salt in the lake's water—what scientists call its salinity—has been increasing steadily for years because the lake's water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfall or rivers. If the trend continues, the lake's water will soon become so salty that the lake will be unable to support fish and bird populations. The lake would then become essentially a dead zone. Fortunately, there are several ways to reverse the trend that is threatening the lake's health.
One option is direct removal of salt from the lake's water in special desalination facilities. Water from the lake would be pumped into the facilities and heated. This would cause the water to evaporate into steam, while salt and other materials dissolved in the water would be left behind. The steam would then be cooled down and returned to the lake as salt-free water. Gradually, the high salt levels would be reduced and the lake’s overall health would be restored.
Another possible solution is to dilute the salt level in the lake with water from the ocean. Since water in the Pacific Ocean is 20 percent less salty than water in the lake, bringing ocean water into the lake would decrease the lake’s salinity. The ocean water could be delivered through pipelines or canals.
Yet another solution would be to control the lake's salinity by constructing walls to divide the lake into several sections. In the smaller sections, salinity would be allowed to increase. However, in the main and largest section, salinity would be reduced and controlled by, among other things, directing all the freshwater from small rivers in the area to flow into that main section of the lake.
The lecturer contends that the three solutions to the issue of increasing salinity of the Salton Sea are all unrealistic and impractical. She supports her point of view in the lecture by providing facts and details not provided in the reading to challenge the feasibility of each solution the reading proposes.
First, although the lecturer agrees that constructing desalination facilities as the passage suggests could make the water less salty, this solution is not ideal because it poses a health threat to humans. The solid materials left behind after the distilling process include selenium, a toxic material detrimental to people's health. Selenium is prone to become airborne during the desalination process and compromise the health of people around the facility. Therefore, constructing such facilities as the reading suggests is not ideal.
Then, the method of blending the more dilute ocean water with the concentrated water of the Salton Sea by means of pipes and canal construction is deemed impractical in the lecture owing to cost considerations. According to the lecturer, building these pipes and canals is quite expensive, and the shoreline is as far from the Salton Sea as 100 kilometers. The governments will be unlikely to afford such a costly solution to the salinity problem. Thus, this method also does not work.
Finally, the lecturer explains that the method of constructing walls within the lake is not a sustainable solution. There are occasional earthquakes in the area, and these wall will be prone to destruction when a more severe one hits. And when that happens, water from the more concentrated sections of the lake will blend back into the rest of the lake. So, the method of building walls to divide the lake into several sections is not going to work.
In conclusion, the lecturer demonstrates several potential problems of the solutions proposed in the passage. She explained that distilling water does not work because toxic materials will be produced, diluting with ocean water cannot work because of the extreme costs involved, and dividing the lake into several sections does not work because it is not sustainable.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-24 | monica1315 | 88 | view |
| 2018-10-12 | luga | 90 | view |
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 80
- "True beauty is found not in the exceptional but in the commonplace."Write an essay in which you take a position on the statement above. In developing and supporting your essay, consider instances in which the statement does and does not hold true. 73
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for governments to spend money to improve Internet access than to improve public transportation. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 86
- Toefl Integrated 3
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, so, still, then, therefore, thus, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 45.0 30.3222958057 148% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1821.0 1373.03311258 133% => OK
No of words: 348.0 270.72406181 129% => OK
Chars per words: 5.23275862069 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.31911543099 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82987916328 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 171.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.491379310345 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 564.3 419.366225166 135% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.1765558658 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.8125 110.228320801 103% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.75 21.698381199 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.3125 7.06452816374 61% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.144033443331 0.272083759551 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0468145294119 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0354534586518 0.0662205650399 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0795218180106 0.162205337803 49% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0332356903613 0.0443174109184 75% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.05 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.67 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 63.6247240618 138% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 10.7273730684 135% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.