Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes; similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods. The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of social benefits.
First of all, the taxes discourage people from indulging in unhealthy behaviors. Raising taxes on cigarettes, for instance, leads people to buy fewer of them. Smoking has declined as taxes on tobacco have risen, showing that these taxes do work to make society healthier. It can be expected that imposing similar taxes on unhealthy food and beverages would help reduce obesity rates.
Second, taxes of this kind are financially fair. When people get sick as a result of their smoking or eating unhealthy foods, they create medical costs. It is unfair that everyone in the society, including nonsmokers and people who follow a healthy diet, should contribute equally to covering these costs. Taxing people who engage in unhealthy behaviors creates extra income that can be used to cover the medical costs. In this way, some of the financial burden is shifted from all of society to just those who choose to participate in the unhealthy activities.
Finally, the high rate of taxation on cigarettes significantly increases revenue for the government. In addition to using this tax revenue on medical assistance, governments often use the revenue for other projects that benefit public welfare, such as building stadiums or creating public parks. Even basic government-supported services like public education benefit from these taxes. Thus, the taxes on cigarettes, and the proposed taxes on unhealthy foods, benefit everyone.
Both the reading and the lecture discuss the methods for decreasing salinity level in a local salty lake in America. The author is of the opinion that there is some practical solutions to solve this issue and provides three reasons for support. On the other hand, the professor states that it would be great if this situation will be solved but the author’s solutions are unrealistic and unpractical by refuting each solution.
First the reading claims that they can transfer the lake’s water in to huge tankers and evaporate it so the salt will be separate from water. However, the lecturer says that this action presents serious problems for people and environment. For instance if stored water in facilities evaporated then the solid material in the water will remain. Moreover, some of them maybe toxic like Selenium components. If this solid material will be exposed in the air it will harm people through breathing.
Second, the author states that they can add ocean water to the lake since the ocean water is less salty. Conversely, the lecturer contends that bringing ocean water requires a lot pipelines and this equipment are really expensive and government will not able to afford them. Owing to the fact that the local government did not have enough financial resources to build the pipelines. In addition bringing this equipment to long distances is very expensive too.
Third, the article suggests that they can build the walls and divide the lake into the sections asserted by salinity level. On the contrary, the professor asserts that this solution is unlikely to work. Owing to the fact that sometimes earth activities such as earthquicks bring collapse in the mentioned walls and cracked them and water in haigh salinity will be resolved in the water in low salinity and fail the process.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-04-10 | toefl 2019 | 71 | view |
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- TPO50 Task1 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 411, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “If” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...m maybe toxic like Selenium components. If this solid material will be exposed in ...
^^
Line 5, column 387, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[2]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: addition,
...al resources to build the pipelines. In addition bringing this equipment to long distanc...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 356, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cracked them and water in haigh salinity will be resolved in the water in low sa...
^^
Line 7, column 362, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...d them and water in haigh salinity will be resolved in the water in low salinity...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, if, may, moreover, really, second, so, then, third, for instance, in addition, such as, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1527.0 1373.03311258 111% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.05629139073 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53516343418 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539735099338 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 471.6 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.800103842 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.8 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.1333333333 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.3333333333 7.06452816374 146% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0410581413795 0.272083759551 15% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0147762463649 0.0996497079465 15% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0148105994863 0.0662205650399 22% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0272298192447 0.162205337803 17% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0189561588082 0.0443174109184 43% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.07 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.81 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.