Emperor penguins are not only the largest species of penguin in the world but also one of the most unique. They are very social, living in colonies that can include hundreds of thousands of individuals. Nevertheless, emperor penguins are monogamous. Having selected a mate, emperor penguins remain faithful to each other for life, using vocal calls to find one another when they return to their breeding site on the compacted ice of the Antarctic continent. It is believed that different frequencies alert mates to the sound of their partner’s call.
Another interesting aspect of emperor penguins is that they return to the same site, called a rookery, to nest each year. Although their path to the rookery is different every year due to the shifting sea ice, in general, the penguins continue to use the rookery where they were hatched. Their loyalty to a particular breeding ground results in increasingly larger penguin colonies, some with more than a million birds. Males tend to arrive first to reestablish and defend their preferred nesting sites and females return a day or so later.
Emperor penguins are not considered endangered and are not currently protected under international law. In fact, in areas where reliable population counts have been conducted, the evidence suggests that populations are stable. However, due to harsh environmental conditions, some colonies have not been monitored on a consistent basis. Estimates of population sizes are at about 240,000 breeding pairs. Taking into consideration the non-breeding birds as well, the total translates into about 600,000 adult birds. Emperor chicks that reach adulthood can survive for 20 years.Summarize the main points in the lecture, and then explain how they cast doubt on the ideas in the reading passage.
The reading passage claims that emperor penguins could be considered monogamous. The author of the article also believes that they return to the same location every year and they are not endangered. However, the lecturer casts doubt on those ideas. She postulates that new data refuted these beliefs.
First of all, the author assumes that emperor penguins are monogamous and they recognize the sound of their partner's call. Nevertheless, the speaker in the lecture states that this species could be identified as serially monogamous, which means mating with one partner per season. She further explains that emperor penguins are committed and dilligent to care for the chicks during the same season. Nonetheless, if they were not able to locate the same mate next year in a timely way, they would mate with another partner. More importantly, only fifteen percent of the penguins are able to find the same mate according to this tight time frame.
Second, the excerpt contends that those birds return to the same rookery, which is the location where they were hatched, every year even though the path is different due to the shifting sea ice. On the other hand, the lecturer indicates that satellite images showed that there were six instances when the birds did not come back to the same nest each year. Instead, they founded a new rookery for the entire colony. The professor holds that this helped the researchers understand why some banded birds disappeared in previous studies.
Lastly, the article posits that emperor penguin population are stable and not endangered, given the large number we have. On the contrary, the lecturer challenges this idea. She says that the species was classified under the endangered status as models of declining numbers predicts that the population could decrease to the third by the end of the century. This is mainly due to radical changes in marine life in the feeding habitats, plus the loss of sea ice.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 469, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a timely way" with adverb for "timely"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
... able to locate the same mate next year in a timely way, they would mate with another partner. ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, lastly, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, so, third, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1638.0 1373.03311258 119% => OK
No of words: 323.0 270.72406181 119% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07120743034 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23936324884 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.42466850093 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 186.0 145.348785872 128% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.575851393189 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 504.9 419.366225166 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 43.4291372859 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.3529411765 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.0 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.52941176471 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.193042859884 0.272083759551 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0611056370513 0.0996497079465 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0673487899954 0.0662205650399 102% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115032273759 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0702938399519 0.0443174109184 159% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.13 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.73 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 85.0 63.6247240618 134% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.