These days, if you pick up a newspaper or turn on the TV or radio, you may hear or
read about the advantages of driverless cars, also called self-driving or autonomous
cars. The technology is simple to understand: using sensors and computers, these
cars can drive without input from a human. This might sound like science fiction, but
such vehicles are already on our roads and they will have a positive impact on our
driving experience.
Traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities in the United States,
and studies show that most crashes are caused by human error. The software that
runs driverless cars is not capable of making mistakes. As a result, such vehicles will
be much safer. One technology company has a self-driving car that has driven for
over 700,000 miles – over one million kilometers – without an accident: a better
record than all but the best human drivers.
In addition, self-driving vehicles are good for the environment because they drive
more efficiently. On a typical journey within a city, drivers deal with urban traffic by
stopping and starting their engines repeatedly. This type of driving means engines
work less efficiently and this causes a lot of pollution. Driverless cars, on the other
hand, can communicate with other vehicles, which will reduce traffic problems.
Autonomous cars will be able to start and stop their engines less often and travel at
higher speeds.
Finally, autonomous cars will give passengers time. Instead of having to focus on
driving, human occupants can focus on other things. The average time for
commuting to and from work in the United States is about thirty minutes each way.
Instead of using this time to focus on the road, passengers in driverless cars can
read, watch videos, or catch up on work.
The reading and the lecture are about the pros and cons of driverless or autonomous cars. The reading claims that they have several benefits such as reducing the number of car accidents, reducing pollution, and taking the painstaking task of driving off commuters' hands. However, the lecture refutes each of these three points for the following reasons.
To begin, the writer claims that driverless cars may help to alleviate the issue of road accidents caused by human errors. She claims that software makes no mistakes and cites the example of one driverless car model that drove a million kilometers without any accident. However, the speaker of the lecture directly refutes this claim by stating that, just last month, the same car crashed into another car. The speaker says that since software is designed by humans themselves, it is bound to have errors.
Secondly, the writer posits that driverless vehicles will lessen the pollution caused by frequent starting and stopping of the engine. While the speaker concedes that this may be true, this benefit might be outweighed by the existence of such a car itself. Since more people may wish to have a driverless car and the criteria for obtaining a driving license may be made more lenient, there may be more and more cars on the road. This may actually exacerbate the problem of vehicular emissions.
Finally, the writer says that not having to drive will free up time for commuters to do other things such as reading, watching videos, or working. The speaker says that this might not be the blessing the writer thinks it to be. Some people find driving relaxing and may not like the idea of having more time to work during the day. Driverless cars might essentially ruin their commuting experience.
To sum up, while the writer makes several good arguments in favor of driverless cars, the speaker believes that these arguments must be examined in further detail before such cars can be hailed as a cure-all for the problems associated with human driving.
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- The following appeared in a memorandum from the general manager of KNOW radio station Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW should shift its programming from rock and roll music to a continuous news format Consider for example the number of old 73
- An international development organization in response to a vitamin A deficiency among people in the impoverished nation of Tagus has engineered a new breed of millet high in vitamin A While seeds for this new type of millet cost more farmers will be paid 68
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, such as, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 5.04856512141 277% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1678.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 339.0 270.72406181 125% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94985250737 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.29091512845 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43811689399 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 179.0 145.348785872 123% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.52802359882 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 511.2 419.366225166 122% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.9139446691 49.2860985944 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.875 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.1875 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.222781059821 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0749807336016 0.0996497079465 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0460038514659 0.0662205650399 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.129350174283 0.162205337803 80% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0205641696761 0.0443174109184 46% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.43 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.22 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 63.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.