Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth’s magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Both the reading passage and the lecturer discuss the possibility of sending human to Mars. The writer asserts three main problems for the trip to Mars. However, the lecturer provides three solutions to these problems.
First of all, the writer mentions that round-trip to Mars will take 2 years. The cargo capacity is not able to carry all the supplements for the crews to survive in space vehicles for that long time. However, the lecturer claims that this problem could be solved by a planting skill. The crews can grow plants in water instead of soil. In this case, the plants can be as the food source and the water can be recycled and is clean enough to drink. Moreover, plants can also release the oxygen for the crews to breath.
Second, although the writer states that Mars will be in the zero-gravity environment for many months at a time, it will have some negative influences to human, the lecturer holds a different viewpoint. Acccording to that lecturer, she claims that there are several ways to decrease the bad effects. First, the crews can do regular exercises to maintain their muscles. Second, they can take in the minerals that can slow down the decrease of bone density.
Third, the author also believes that the level of space radiation is dangerous on Mars and the shield that use to protect the spaceship from the radiation is too heavy for the ship. Still, the lecturer diagrees with this. She states that the space radiation is not dangerous to humans at all. Only when the sun is active the level of radiation might be harmful to human. The solution of this is to equip monitor to observe the level of radiation. When the level is too severe, crews can get into the shield which will not add lots of weight to the spaceship to prevent the dangerous radiation.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 9, column 108, Rule ID: USE_TO_VERB[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...s dangerous on Mars and the shield that use to protect the spaceship from the radia...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, moreover, second, so, still, third, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 5.04856512141 277% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1535.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 326.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 4.70858895706 5.08290768461 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24917287072 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.33526662496 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 166.0 145.348785872 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.509202453988 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.4303977185 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 80.7894736842 110.228320801 73% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.1578947368 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.89473684211 7.06452816374 55% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0918865035737 0.272083759551 34% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0254656961052 0.0996497079465 26% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0440274412015 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0743033840399 0.162205337803 46% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0532583788574 0.0443174109184 120% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.3 13.3589403974 70% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 71.14 53.8541721854 132% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.74 12.2367328918 80% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.53 8.42419426049 89% => OK
difficult_words: 63.0 63.6247240618 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.