The following appeared in a business magazine.
"As a result of numerous complaints of dizziness and nausea on the part of consumers of Promofoods tuna, the company requested that eight million cans of its tuna be returned for testing. Promofoods concluded that the canned tuna did not, after all, pose a health risk. This conclusion is based on tests performed on samples of the recalled cans by chemists from Promofoods; the chemists found that of the eight food chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find small amounts of the three remaining suspected chemicals but pointed out that these occur naturally in all canned foods."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion.
In the argument, the author concludes that Promofoods canned tuna did not pose a health risk. He arrives at this conclusion based on the results obtained from a series of tests performed on the samples of Promofoods recalled cans which found most of the cans free of hazard chemicals. The evidence cited, if valid, tends to give credibility to the argument’s claim. However, there are three questions which the author needs to answer in order to increase the persuasiveness of his claim.
Firstly, are the tests carried out by experts? The author concludes based on the results obtained from tests carried out on Promofoods tuna cans by certain chemists. However, it is possible that these tests were not carried out by experts with sound knowledge in chemical testing. There is a probability that the tests might not be properly conducted, or that the people involved are not experienced enough to discern the presence of chemicals in tuna cans. For instance, the experiments might be conducted by workers on training who have minimal experience in conducting these kinds of findings, and this might have a detrimental effect on the results obtained. It is also possible that the tests are indeed carried out by experts, but the results might be adulterated somehow due to some unforeseen circumstances. If it is possible that the result of the tests carried out by the chemists on the tuna cans might be affected by any factor whatsoever, and that the results may not be 100% percent reliable, then the author’s claim is significantly weakened.
Secondly, did the chemists test for other uncommon chemicals that can cause dizziness and nausea? The author states that only the most common chemicals that can cause dizziness and nausea were tested by the chemists, leaving out the uncommon ones. It is possible that the chemicals that Promofoods can contains are not the common ones. Since there are several other chemicals that can cause dizziness and nausea, it is possible that Promofoods contains the rare ones, and thus makes it unlikely for the chemists to see the presence of such chemicals since that is not what they were testing for. If this scenario is true, then Promofoods cans might indeed contain chemicals that pose health risks, and the author’s claim significantly weakened.
Finally, are eight million cans a significant number of cans to properly conclude the content of all the other cans? The author states that eight million cans were tested without providing evidence of the total amount of tuna cans Promofoods has. It is possible that the eight million cans are only a minute number compared to the total number of tuna cans that Promofoods has, and this makes it unlikely for us to rely on the results obtained on these numbers to be a portrayal of the content of the other tuna cans. The eight million cans might indeed be free of hazard chemicals, whereas the other cans that were not tested are not free of chemicals. There is no way we can know unless the author gives a reliably evidence on this. Hence, on this note, the author’s claim is significantly weakened.
In conclusion, the author’s claim that Promofoods tuna cans are free of adverse chemicals, and does not pose any health risk is plausible. However, as it stands now, the author needs to answer the three questions cited above to increase the persuasiveness of his claim.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 303, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[2]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'contain'
Suggestion: contain
... that the chemicals that Promofoods can contains are not the common ones. Since there ar...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 707, Rule ID: A_RB_NN[1]
Message: You used an adverb ('reliably') instead an adjective, or a noun ('evidence') instead of another adjective.
...way we can know unless the author gives a reliably evidence on this. Hence, on this note, the autho...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, hence, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, thus, whereas, for instance, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 35.0 19.6327345309 178% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 24.0 13.6137724551 176% => OK
Pronoun: 45.0 28.8173652695 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 72.0 55.5748502994 130% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 16.3942115768 49% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2819.0 2260.96107784 125% => OK
No of words: 568.0 441.139720559 129% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96302816901 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.88187981987 4.56307096286 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6460318782 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 211.0 204.123752495 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.371478873239 0.468620217663 79% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 855.0 705.55239521 121% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 8.0 1.67365269461 478% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.7624295186 57.8364921388 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.458333333 119.503703932 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6666666667 23.324526521 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.45833333333 5.70786347227 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.67664670659 235% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.303520686202 0.218282227539 139% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.106266392501 0.0743258471296 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0773674138294 0.0701772020484 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.177184724827 0.128457276422 138% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.058721651374 0.0628817314937 93% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 14.3799401198 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 103.0 98.500998004 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 303, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[2]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'contain'
Suggestion: contain
... that the chemicals that Promofoods can contains are not the common ones. Since there ar...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 707, Rule ID: A_RB_NN[1]
Message: You used an adverb ('reliably') instead an adjective, or a noun ('evidence') instead of another adjective.
...way we can know unless the author gives a reliably evidence on this. Hence, on this note, the autho...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, hence, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, thus, whereas, for instance, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 35.0 19.6327345309 178% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 24.0 13.6137724551 176% => OK
Pronoun: 45.0 28.8173652695 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 72.0 55.5748502994 130% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 16.3942115768 49% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2819.0 2260.96107784 125% => OK
No of words: 568.0 441.139720559 129% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96302816901 5.12650576532 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.88187981987 4.56307096286 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6460318782 2.78398813304 95% => OK
Unique words: 211.0 204.123752495 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.371478873239 0.468620217663 79% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 855.0 705.55239521 121% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 8.0 1.67365269461 478% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 4.22255489022 95% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.7624295186 57.8364921388 100% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.458333333 119.503703932 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6666666667 23.324526521 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.45833333333 5.70786347227 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.67664670659 235% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.303520686202 0.218282227539 139% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.106266392501 0.0743258471296 143% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0773674138294 0.0701772020484 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.177184724827 0.128457276422 138% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.058721651374 0.0628817314937 93% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 14.3799401198 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.78 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.64 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 103.0 98.500998004 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.