Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Both the reading and the lecture discuss the feasibility of sending people to the Mars. The writer states that in order for humans to be successfully sent to the Mars, some problems will have to be solved first. However, the lecturer contradicts this point by revealing that scientists have provided the solutions to the challenges noted in the reading.
First of all, the author avers that a trip to Mars will be difficult because the space cargo ships capacity are very small to contain food, water, and oxygen that will be needed for human survival within two years. On the other hand, the professor rebuts this point by explaining that by using hydroponic, a method that involves cultivating on water, human beings can produce food they need on Mars. Waste water can all be converted to clean water for consumption. He goes on to say that human can get their oxygen from the plants.
Secondly, the reading passage mentions that the trip to Mars is a very dangerous one, because people are expose to the zero-gravity environment, which is very harmful to the human body. This specific argument is challenged by the speaker. She contends that humans can live a healthy live in the Mars by exercising, which reduces the muscle mass, and taking nutrients such as calcium, which lowers the bone density.
Lastly, the writer posits that human beings will be exposed to high level of radiation when traveling to the Mars and building the shield that would protect the whole ship from such radiation is very unlikely. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes issue with this claim by contending that the harmful radiation does not occur all the time and human performs most of their activities when the solar radiation is low. The travelers can use an equipment that detect the level of the radiation. When the radiation is very high can quickly go inside the space shield.
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| 2024-01-10 | Shahjahan khandakar | 73 | view |
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- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is Thus the project o 76
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 119, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...us one, because people are expose to the zero-gravity environment, which is very ...
^^
Line 7, column 272, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... lecturer takes issue with this claim by contending that the harmful radiation do...
^^
Line 7, column 439, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[1]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'equipment'.
Suggestion: equipment
...radiation is low. The travelers can use an equipment that detect the level of the radiation....
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 492, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “When” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...that detect the level of the radiation. When the radiation is very high can quickly ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, such as, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 5.04856512141 238% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1556.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 319.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 4.87774294671 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22617688928 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4729549006 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 170.0 145.348785872 117% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.532915360502 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 468.0 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 59.8225692855 49.2860985944 121% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.142857143 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.7857142857 21.698381199 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.78571428571 7.06452816374 96% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.106098624345 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0364020560748 0.0996497079465 37% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0265133835507 0.0662205650399 40% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0676577136675 0.162205337803 42% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.014043473695 0.0443174109184 32% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.32 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.64 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 63.6247240618 124% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.