In the reading passage, the author mentions several assumptions supporting the edmontosaur's migration theory formulated by the paleontologists. The lecturer, however, challenges these arguments.
The first argument states that the edmontosaurs fed on plants and thus they had to migrate to temperate zones for food. The lecturer contradicts this points, asserting that the climate was much warmer 100 million years ago and the plant grew so well due to 24-hour sunshine in summer. Consequently, the edmontosaurs could easily consume the abundant nutritional died plants during harsh weather.
The second assumption suggests that many edmontosaur skeletons found at the same site, indicating that they lived in herd like modern migratory animals. This assertion is rebutted by the lecturer again as living in herd is not the equivalent of migration. The lecturer argues that a kind of elk in the United States also lives in herd but doesn't migrate. The function of living in herd is simply to provide protection.
The third assertion claims that the edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating in long distances. The lecturer points out that there were young and vulnerable members in the edmontosaurs, which were less likely to migrate fast. The adult edmontosaurs wouldn't leave these members behind. Instead, they would stayed together to survive during the harsh arctic.
- TPO-48 - Integrated Writing Task In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems 90
- TPO-33 - Integrated Writing Task Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types o 85
- TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: the 70
- TPO-27 - Integrated Writing Task The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scient 97
- TOEFL ESSAY: Traveling to a different country can be both exciting and frustrating at the same time. What are the most important pieces of advice that you would give visitors coming to your country? 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 121, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...to migrate to temperate zones for food. The lecturer contradicts this points, asser...
^^^
Line 5, column 340, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...he United States also lives in herd but doesnt migrate. The function of living in herd...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...erd is simply to provide protection. The third assertion claims that the edmonto...
^^^
Line 7, column 106, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...capable of migrating in long distances. The lecturer points out that there were you...
^^^
Line 7, column 236, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...which were less likely to migrate fast. The adult edmontosaurs wouldnt leave these ...
^^^
Line 7, column 259, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...to migrate fast. The adult edmontosaurs wouldnt leave these members behind. Instead, th...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 315, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'would' requires the base form of the verb: 'stay'
Suggestion: stay
...ese members behind. Instead, they would stayed together to survive during the harsh ar...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, first, however, second, so, third, thus, well, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1177.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 213.0 270.72406181 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.52582159624 5.08290768461 109% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.82027741392 4.04702891845 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.87363831654 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.647887323944 0.540411800872 120% => OK
syllable_count: 348.3 419.366225166 83% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.239501773 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.5384615385 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.3846153846 21.698381199 76% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.07692307692 7.06452816374 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.341219546283 0.272083759551 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.110562535643 0.0996497079465 111% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.06272646129 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.187024908014 0.162205337803 115% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0291893939125 0.0443174109184 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.24 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.5 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.95 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.