The main idea of both the reading passage and the lecture is the investigation the cuse of the Little Ice Age. With this in mind, the reading states that there are several scientific reasons which could have leaded to the Little Ice Age. The author, on the other hand, refutes all three episodes of arguments mentioned in the passage, believing those reasons are out-dated.
First, both the reading and the listening materials are discuss the contribution of cold gulf streams in the dramatic reduction of Earth's climate. In this line of thought, the author put forth the idea that befor the Little Ice Age there was a period of warm weather which glaciers melreated. Thus, a huge amount of cold water was released into the Gulf stream and this situation strongly cused the reducion of the Earth's temperature. Conversely, the professor makes it clear that the Gulf stream only had a coling effect on some areas such as Europen and America and didn't effects for example, Africa. So, it couldn't be the reason of Little Ice Age.
Second, both the text and talk material put forth the idea of volcanic eruption and its consequents on Little Ice Age. In this vein, the author explains that there were several volcanic eruptions during Little Ice Age. Large amount of dust, sulfur gas, and dark cloud were sent to atmosphere by volcanic eruptions blocking sunlight and leaded to reduction of global temperature. Howevere, the lecturer argues that the volcanic theory cannot be the reason of Little Ice Age, this is becaus a huge amount of dust in atmosphere not only can greatly reduce the temperature, but also can limit the vision of people. But, there isn't any report of the visual effect in that period.
Finally, the reading claims that human populations reduction might indirectly have caused on the cooling of the Earth's climate. Due to this event, the fields had covered by forest trees which absorb cabon dioxide and consequently decreased the greenhouse effect warming the atmosphere. On the contrary, the professor mentines that there wasn't enough time to this happen because the populations of human increase soon after.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 57, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'discussed'.
Suggestion: discussed
...reading and the listening materials are discuss the contribution of cold gulf streams i...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 569, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...e areas such as Europen and America and didnt effects for example, Africa. So, it cou...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 611, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...dnt effects for example, Africa. So, it couldnt be the reason of Little Ice Age. Sec...
^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 623, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: isn't
... limit the vision of people. But, there isnt any report of the visual effect in that...
^^^^
Line 8, column 40, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'populations'' or 'population's'?
Suggestion: populations'; population's
... Finally, the reading claims that human populations reduction might indirectly have caused ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 338, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wasn't
...rary, the professor mentines that there wasnt enough time to this happen because the ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, conversely, finally, first, however, if, second, so, thus, for example, such as, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1783.0 1373.03311258 130% => OK
No of words: 357.0 270.72406181 132% => OK
Chars per words: 4.9943977591 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.34677393335 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45011429275 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 188.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.526610644258 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 555.3 419.366225166 132% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.8312074277 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.4375 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.3125 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.75 7.06452816374 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.465103253882 0.272083759551 171% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.148466365626 0.0996497079465 149% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0845940039743 0.0662205650399 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.260912470246 0.162205337803 161% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0465317512149 0.0443174109184 105% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.96 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.58 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 87.0 63.6247240618 137% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.