The article presents three arguments why pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight. However, all of them are questioned in the lecture.
For starters, in contrast to what the reading suggests, that pterosaurs are cold-blooded animals that cannot generate sufficient energy for powered flight, the lecturer points out that they have hair-like structures, indicating that pterosaurs might be warm-blooded creatures. So their metabolism was fast enough to produce adequate energy for powered flight.
Second, the lecturer does not agree that pterosaurs were too heavy for powered flight. In fact, the anatomical structures made quite light. For example, their bones were hollow instead of solid, so they were light compared to their size. Therefore, they could flap their wings and stay in the air.
Finally, Opposite to what the reading suggests, the lecturer believes that pterosaurs could launch from the ground, even though their muscles were weak. Unlike birds, which use two limbs to walk, pterosaurs could use four limbs to push themselves. So they could generate enough power to take off.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: They
they are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 6, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
they are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 32, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
they are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 58, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 84, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 110, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 136, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 162, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 188, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 214, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 240, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 266, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 292, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 318, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 344, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 370, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 396, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 422, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 448, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 474, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 500, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 526, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 552, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 578, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 604, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 630, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 656, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 682, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 708, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 734, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 760, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey ...
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Line 1, column 786, Rule ID: PHRASE_REPETITION[1]
Message: This phrase is duplicated. You should probably leave only 'are goodthey'.
Suggestion: are goodthey
... are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are goodthey are good
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 64.0 10.4613686534 612% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 0.0 7.30242825607 0% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 0.0 12.0772626932 0% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 1.0 22.412803532 4% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 30.3222958057 0% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 704.0 1373.03311258 51% => More number of characters wanted.
No of words: 129.0 270.72406181 48% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.45736434109 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.37013600491 4.04702891845 83% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48720057428 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 4.0 145.348785872 3% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.031007751938 0.540411800872 6% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 230.4 419.366225166 55% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.55342163355 116% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 0.0 8.23620309051 0% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 1.0 13.0662251656 8% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 129.0 21.2450331126 607% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 0.0 49.2860985944 0% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 704.0 110.228320801 639% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 129.0 21.698381199 595% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 0.0 7.06452816374 0% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.09492273731 24% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 32.0 4.19205298013 763% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.272083759551 0% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.0996497079465 0% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.162205337803 0% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 68.8 13.3589403974 515% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: -76.38 53.8541721854 -142% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 0.0 5.55761589404 0% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 56.0 11.0289183223 508% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 15.57 12.2367328918 127% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 6.52 8.42419426049 77% => OK
difficult_words: 1.0 63.6247240618 2% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 51.0 10.7273730684 475% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 53.6 10.498013245 511% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 56.0 11.2008830022 500% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Minimum 150 words wanted.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.