The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In this argument, the author states that all of their hospital system should use ultraclean as the liquid hand soap in order to prevent serious patient infections. To bolster this conclusion, the author cites that a concentrated solution of ultraclean showed a great ability to reduce the bacteria population and that with ultraclean, less cases of patient infection have been reported. however, the argument is tenuous in several aspect.
One of the major problem is the validity of using the laboratory study as a proof that ultraclean is a better hand soap choice. The author points out that a concentrated ultraclean led to a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the current liquid hand cleanser. however, the result is only justifiable base on the assumption that the examiner also used the concentrated version of the current liquid hand cleaners during the lab. it is entirely possible that the seemingly greater ability to kill germs is only because a denser solution of the new hand soap was used. Furthermore, the only comparison has been made in the study is between ultraclean and the older hand cleanser, however, it is possible that some other cleanser that is more powerful than ultraclean.
The other problem is that the author’s assumption about the hospital’s report is reliable. it is possible that the company that produce ultraclean is currently cooperating with the hospital. thus, helping the company to sell more ultraclean by lying about number of patient infection can also allow the hospital to yield extra profit. In addition, we are not inform of the size of the hospital and the size of the other hospitals involved in the subsequent test of ultraclean. Perhaps, the the hospital that the speaker is representing has a relatively small scale compare with others and less patients will definitely result in less infection. thus the author’s assumption that all hospitals are the same size is unfair. To strengthen the argument, speaker should consider whether the assumptions he or she has been made are appropriate.
Last but not least, the author ignored the disadvantages associated with replacing all the current hand cleansers with ultraclean throughout the hospital system. it is possible that the hospital is facing some pressing issues, such as improving the unusable surgery facilities or increase the number of sickbeds, that require huge amount of money. thus, spending money on changing the hand cleansing liquid might not be a wise choice to make at this point of time. also, the author ignores that fact that patients’ opinions matter and unreasonably assumes that the patient will also agree with the hospital’s decision. Even ultraclean effectively controls the number of infection occurred among patients, it is possible that this hand washer has some unwelcoming features. For example, it might have a very strong odor that makes patient feel unacceptable. thus, a more comprehensive evaluation should be made for the merit and drawback that ultraclean could bring.
In sum, the author’s argument is logically flawed and the recommendation is not well-supported. To enhance it, the author should prove that the results obtained from the laboratory study and the report from the hospital are substantiated, also should show that the advantages of replacing the old cleanser with ultraclean outweigh the potential harm.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 544 350
No. of Characters: 2797 1500
No. of Different Words: 239 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.829 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.142 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.75 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 212 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 167 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 124 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 69 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 36.267 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 19.78 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.667 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.378 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.609 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.12 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 336, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun cases is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...ia population and that with ultraclean, less cases of patient infection have been re...
^^^^
Line 1, column 388, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...f patient infection have been reported. however, the argument is tenuous in several asp...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 424, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun aspect seems to be countable; consider using: 'several aspects'.
Suggestion: several aspects
...ed. however, the argument is tenuous in several aspect. One of the major proble...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 290, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...n did the current liquid hand cleanser. however, the result is only justifiable base on...
^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 458, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...nt liquid hand cleaners during the lab. it is entirely possible that the seemingly...
^^
Line 21, column 102, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...the hospital's report is reliable. it is possible that the company that produ...
^^
Line 21, column 202, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...urrently cooperating with the hospital. thus, helping the company to sell more ultra...
^^^^
Line 21, column 370, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'informed'.
Suggestion: informed
...d extra profit. In addition, we are not inform of the size of the hospital and the siz...
^^^^^^
Line 21, column 497, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...subsequent test of ultraclean. Perhaps, the the hospital that the speaker is representi...
^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 497, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...subsequent test of ultraclean. Perhaps, the the hospital that the speaker is representi...
^^^^^^^
Line 21, column 600, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun patients is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...ely small scale compare with others and less patients will definitely result in less...
^^^^
Line 21, column 656, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...ll definitely result in less infection. thus the author's assumption that all h...
^^^^
Line 21, column 656, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: thus,
...ll definitely result in less infection. thus the author's assumption that all h...
^^^^
Line 31, column 163, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...raclean throughout the hospital system. it is possible that the hospital is facing...
^^
Line 31, column 349, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...eds, that require huge amount of money. thus, spending money on changing the hand cl...
^^^^
Line 31, column 466, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...e choice to make at this point of time. also, the author ignores that fact that pati...
^^^^
Line 31, column 868, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Thus
...r that makes patient feel unacceptable. thus, a more comprehensive evaluation should...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, furthermore, however, if, so, then, thus, well, for example, in addition, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 30.0 19.6327345309 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 24.0 13.6137724551 176% => OK
Pronoun: 39.0 28.8173652695 135% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 56.0 55.5748502994 101% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2935.0 2260.96107784 130% => OK
No of words: 544.0 441.139720559 123% => OK
Chars per words: 5.39522058824 5.12650576532 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.82947280553 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.94584590276 2.78398813304 106% => OK
Unique words: 251.0 204.123752495 123% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.461397058824 0.468620217663 98% => OK
syllable_count: 890.1 705.55239521 126% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.76447105788 148% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.8620932495 57.8364921388 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 122.291666667 119.503703932 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6666666667 23.324526521 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.83333333333 5.70786347227 67% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 17.0 5.25449101796 324% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 15.0 8.20758483034 183% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.182171551527 0.218282227539 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0554658624582 0.0743258471296 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0729181821342 0.0701772020484 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.114589021397 0.128457276422 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0861605036255 0.0628817314937 137% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.3 14.3799401198 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.34 12.5979740519 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.59 8.32208582834 103% => OK
difficult_words: 133.0 98.500998004 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.