Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis. First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food. Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis. Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The lecturer challenges the topic proposed in the reading that several arguments support the migration hypothesis. And she thinks that this hypothesis is not convincing.
First, the passage indicates that edmontosaurs must migrate to more temperate zones to find food. However, the professor points out that they do not have to migrate to find food. The temperature 100 million years ago is warmer than the temperature today. And the sunshine existed for 24 hours a day. so the temperature and daylight would provide good conditions to grow plants and supply adequate nutrients around winter which they could easily utilize during winter.
Second, the article supposes that many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. But the lecturer considers that they lived in herds because of other reasons. living in herds might provide extra protection from predators at the same area all year around. There is another species live in United State as an example. Although they live in herds, they do not migrate.
Third, the essay suggests that edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. Nevertheless, the professor argues that adults could migrate long distances whereas young edmonosaurs are not capable to travel long distances. so the herd might not arrive their destination because juveniles could not migrate, which would affect the herd. And juveniles could not survive on their own, adults must stay with them during the cold and dark North Slope winter.
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- READINGProfessors are normally found in university classrooms, offices, and libraries doing research and lecturing to their students. More and more, however, they also appear as guests on television news programs, giving expert commentary on the latest ev 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 301, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: So
...he sunshine existed for 24 hours a day. so the temperature and daylight would prov...
^^
Line 5, column 180, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Living
...ived in herds because of other reasons. living in herds might provide extra protection...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 241, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: So
...e not capable to travel long distances. so the herd might not arrive their destina...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, nevertheless, second, so, third, whereas
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1267.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 237.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.34599156118 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92362132708 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53624757534 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.637130801688 0.540411800872 118% => OK
syllable_count: 384.3 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.7088840187 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 79.1875 110.228320801 72% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8125 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.8125 7.06452816374 54% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0696400931451 0.272083759551 26% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0223077679488 0.0996497079465 22% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0328648859275 0.0662205650399 50% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0340470867712 0.162205337803 21% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.020328125727 0.0443174109184 46% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.2 13.3589403974 84% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.16 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.73 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.