Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Both the author and the lecturer discuss whether the project of sending humans to mars is plausible or not. The passage claims that sending humans to mars would require solving an array of problems. The professor, on the other hand, rejects whatever mentioned in the reading through citing three reasons.
First, both author and the professor talk about the need for food, water and oxygen in the mars. According to the passage, mars trip is likely to take at least two years and the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. The lecturer, nevertheless, rejects the author's view and illustrates the idea that astronauts can apply hydroponics technique that is cultivating plant in water rather than in soil. this technique revives wastewater, so astronauts have accessible to fresh water in mars. In addition, this kind of plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, so astronauts do not have problem in breathing.
Second of all, both the reading and the lecture discuss the effects of zero gravity in mars. The author argues that zero gravity has negative effects on astronomers' body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. However, the professor refutes this saying that there are several techniques that help astronomers not to be involved in medical problems. they can increase the use of minerals such as calcium that prevent decline in bone density.
Eventually, both the passage and the lecture address the subject of radiation. The passage goes on to mention that astronauts on mission to mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation. In this regard, constructing a shield that would protect the whole spacecraft from space radiation is not plausible because it would add too much weight to the ship. In contrast, the professor points out that solar radiation is dangerous occasionally when the sun radiation is active. In addition, astronauts can avoid equipment with much weight by a device monitoring the sun radiation. when the sun emits dangerous waves, they can stay in a small shield area.
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| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
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| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
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- handling coal asg 80
- Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the leader say something incorrect, In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do? 1. Interrupt and correct the mistake right away; 2. Wait until the class or meeting is ov 76
- anting 81
- if universities are given financial support to develop researches, which one do you think would receive more benefits?a) To predict weather more accuratelyb) To clean rivers and oceanc) To deal with outer space 80
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parent’s job than to choose jobs that are different from their parent’s job. Use specific reasons and examples to support your an 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 500, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...ng plant in water rather than in soil. this technique revives wastewater, so astron...
^^^^
Line 5, column 365, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: They
...not to be involved in medical problems. they can increase the use of minerals such a...
^^^^
Line 7, column 488, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...nally when the sun radiation is active. In addition, astronauts can avoid equipmen...
^^
Line 7, column 591, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: When
... a device monitoring the sun radiation. when the sun emits dangerous waves, they can...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, nevertheless, second, so, at least, in addition, in contrast, kind of, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 49.0 30.3222958057 162% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1792.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 355.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04788732394 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.34067318298 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59627554337 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 187.0 145.348785872 129% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.52676056338 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 541.8 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.9085038212 49.2860985944 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.5555555556 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.7222222222 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.27777777778 7.06452816374 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0757725426552 0.272083759551 28% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0246888177873 0.0996497079465 25% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0389361505716 0.0662205650399 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0509743321117 0.162205337803 31% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0474014877516 0.0443174109184 107% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.72 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 93.0 63.6247240618 146% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.