The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900 C.E. There were unusually harsh winters and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth’s climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface. This can decrease the global temperature. Scientists know of several volcanic eruptions that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reasons (disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees and less carbon dioxide, Earth became cooler.
the reading states that Scientists are trying to found out what would occur the Little Ice age
and provides three possible causes of support. The lecturer challenges the proposals
made by the author and refutes each of the author's claims.
first of all, the article argues that disruption of ocean current might have caused the little
ice age. The lecturer challenges the claim. He says that this little ice age only explains the Europe and American
disruption but does not provide any explanation sothern hamisphere disruption. Additionally, he states that
southern hemisphere like Newzealand and south Africa also become cooler now this time and shortage their Ice age but author does not provide any specific reason for this happening.
Secondly, the article posits that after volcanic eruption dust and sulfur gas spread into the atmosphere and blocking sunlight thus, sunlight can not reach into the earth. as a result global temperature decrease day by day.
The lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that volcanic dust mainly striking visual effects. as a result, it occurs some color sunlight and produces gray or purple snow. On the other hand, these effects can not reported by the authors so, this dust effect not long enough to explain Little ice age.
Finally, the author asserts that human population declination would be occur indirectly to the cooling of climate.
In the article states that for declining population besides forest trees increases and then trees absorb large amount of carbon-dioxide and green house gasses and keep the earth cool. In contrast, the lecturer position is that it has not enough time to stay low of human population because, during short time, human population increas and cut down again large number of trees. Furthermore, He says that this assumption is not carrying any convincing idea and this population decreasing concept not long enough to long term effects of enormous global cooning and little ice age.
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- In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their empl 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
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the reading states that Scientists are tryi...
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...t what would occur the Little Ice age and provides three possible causes of suppo...
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...The lecturer challenges the proposals made by the author and refutes each of the a...
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...efutes each of the authors claims. first of all, the article argues that disrupt...
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Suggestion: Ice
... current might have caused the little ice age. The lecturer challenges the claim....
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Suggestion: Disruption
...only explains the Europe and American disruption but does not provide any explanation so...
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Suggestion:
...disruption. Additionally, he states that southern hemisphere like Newzealand and ...
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Suggestion: Southern
...uption. Additionally, he states that southern hemisphere like Newzealand and south Af...
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... sunlight can not reach into the earth. as a result global temperature decrease da...
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Message: “as” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... sunlight can not reach into the earth. as a result global temperature decrease da...
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...ic dust mainly striking visual effects. as a result, it occurs some color sunlight...
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Message: The verb 'can' requires base form of the verb: 'report'
Suggestion: report
...n the other hand, these effects can not reported by the authors so, this dust effect not...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, thus, in contrast, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 17.0 7.30242825607 233% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1681.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 317.0 270.72406181 117% => OK
Chars per words: 5.30283911672 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.21953715646 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47943907916 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 185.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.583596214511 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 503.1 419.366225166 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.1481786037 49.2860985944 108% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.066666667 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.1333333333 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.2 7.06452816374 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 11.0 4.09492273731 269% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 12.0 4.19205298013 286% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.097830193913 0.272083759551 36% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0339939568106 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.041818100431 0.0662205650399 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0409583400677 0.162205337803 25% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0451665654621 0.0443174109184 102% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 13.3589403974 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.46 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.66 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.