Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the
automobile’s main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far, the most
promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine,
which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines
have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace
them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum,
either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource, someday;; we
will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted.
Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even
water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes
them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the
world’s pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and
carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell
engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend
less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion
engine. This is true for one simple reason. A fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient
in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other
words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-
combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The reading passage accounts the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell over internal combustion engine, while the lecture acknowledges that although internal combustion engine has some drawbacks, the hydrogen fuel cell would not be an effective solution that the reading claims in the passage.
First, the lecturer refutes the idea of availability of the raw material- hydrogen; he says that hydrogen found easily in the environment and water that is not usable, in fact, it needs to convert into a pure liquid form which is an artificial chemical. Furthermore, a difficult process is associated to the conversion of raw hydrogen gas to liquid hydrogen. He adds that preservation of liquid hydrogen at -253 oC is quite difficult and costly.
Second, the speaker argues that hydrogen fuel cell is eco-friendly. Moreover, even though hydrogen can't cause pollution, its purification process requires lots of energy and the burning of coal and oil which can cause significant pollution in the environment -according to the speaker.
Third, the hydrogen fuel cell is cost-effective and more efficient than traditional combustion engine which needs less fuel to run the engine, the author claims. However, the lecturer refutes the idea by saying that hydrogen fuel cell contains rare and expensive metal - platinum. Therefore, without platinum fuel cell does not run and the cheap metal is not used as effective as platinum. He claims that all those stuff makes the fuel cell more expensive than the combustion engine.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-11-29 | negooo | 80 | view |
| 2022-10-02 | Kalyani_tekade_24 | 60 | view |
| 2022-10-02 | 1ms19ec133 | 80 | view |
| 2022-09-04 | jimHsu | 80 | view |
| 2022-08-21 | dnudlyjgtnudbphwev | 73 | view |
- TPO-07 - Integrated Writing Task In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recyclin 76
- Some universities requires students to take classes in many subjects Other universities requires students to specialize in one specific 73
- Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth century Dutch painters However there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him One such painting is known as Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet The pa 80
- In the United States employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day However many employees want to work a four day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employee 76
- Agnostids were a group of marine animalsthat became extinct about 450 millionyears ago. Agnostid fossils can be found inrocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know thatagnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern-day 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 99, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...riendly. Moreover, even though hydrogen cant cause pollution, its purification proce...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, so, therefore, third, while, as to, in fact
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1271.0 1373.03311258 93% => OK
No of words: 239.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.3179916318 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93187294222 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.83533936338 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 129.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.539748953975 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 391.5 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 73.07427728 49.2860985944 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.1 110.228320801 115% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.9 21.698381199 110% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.4 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.192809850566 0.272083759551 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0820048696407 0.0996497079465 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0503818598738 0.0662205650399 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.120050765072 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0484913573435 0.0443174109184 109% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.6 13.3589403974 117% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.87 12.2367328918 113% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.61 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 19.0 10.7273730684 177% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.