Integrated writing task. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.

The professor completely refutes the view presented in the reading passage. She cites new scientific findings to reexamine earlier beliefs about altruistic acts among mammals.

Firstly, she considers the behavior of sentinel meerkat as selfish, which opposes the altruistic view presented in the reading passage. The professor claims that according to the newest findings, sentinel does not sacrifice his own interests for that of the other meerkats. While his companions are searching for food, he stands the guard having full stomach. Moreover, in the reading passage the author argues that the fact that when sentinel sees the predator and he issues an alarm, he saves lifes of other meerkats. On the other hand, the lecturer has another opinion about thist behavior. Although the sentinel warns others about danger, he is the first one to see the predator, and thus he is most likely to escape. Furthermore, he always stands nearby burrow, that gives him quick possiblility to hide.

Secondly the professor cast doubt about human altruistic behaviors. She gives an extreme example when an individual donates a kidney. Although many would consider his act being altruistic. The profesor claims that appreciation and approval of society are his reward. Additionally, the donor increases his sense of self worth. For these reasons the profesor consider donation as selfish act rather than altruistic act.