Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.
The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.
More importantly, scientists are likely to lose access to some of the most important fossils and thereby miss out on potentially crucial discoveries about extinct life forms. Wealthy fossil buyers with a desire to own the rarest and most important fossils can spend virtually limitless amounts of money to acquire them. Scientists and the museums and universities they work for often cannot compete successfully for fossils against millionaire fossil buyers.
Moreover, commercial fossil collectors often destroy valuable scientific evidence associated with the fossils they unearth. Most commercial fossil collectors are untrained or uninterestedin carrying out the careful field work and documentation that reveal the most about animal life in the past. For example, scientists have learned about the biology of nest-building dinosaurs called oviraptors by carefully observing the exact position of oviraptor fossils in the ground and the presence of other fossils in the immediate surroundings. Commercial fossil collectors typically pay no attention to how fossils lie in the ground or to the smaller fossils that may surround bigger ones.
The reading and the lecture are both about trade of fossils. The author of reading feels disadvantages of fossil business. The lecturer challanges the claims made by the author. She is of the opinion that these theories are falce.
To begin with, the author argues that instead of selling fossils they should be given to museums and public places to increase curiosity of community about fossils. This specific arguement is challaned by the lecturer. She claims that commerce of fossils cause to high exposure to them rather than less. Albeit exibition of fossils in public areas has benefit to community, they do not have enough capacity to display all of fossils. Therefore, fossil business help to improve knowledge of people about them.
Secondly, the writer suggests that scientists would not able to analyze fossils which are bought by owners in order to learn them to identify significant information about them. The lecturer, however, robuts it by mentioning that scientific value of all fossils are detected by scientists before selling them. That is why, their importance has been already detected by experts using specific and detailed methods, trade of fossils do not cause to miss any crucial fact.
Finally, the author posits that fossil collectors usually damage to fossils, this is because they are not trained about their scientific significance and which crucial parts have to be protected. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that when these fossils are found they could be damaged and because of their high numbers when they discovered it does not generate significant loss. In addition, scientists to reach meaningful evidence, they gather various fossils from different places than a lot of fossils from one place.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-04-30 | Yam Kumar Oli | 3 | view |
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- TOEFL T P O 12 Integrated Writing Task 3
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 43, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e reading and the lecture are both about trade of fossils. The author of reading ...
^^
Line 1, column 125, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...feels disadvantages of fossil business. The lecturer challanges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 3, column 154, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...er to learn them to identify significant information about them. The lecturer, ho...
^^
Line 3, column 445, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'missing'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'cause' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: missing
... methods, trade of fossils do not cause to miss any crucial fact. Finally, the author ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, therefore, in addition, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 48.0 30.3222958057 158% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1463.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 280.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.225 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09062348924 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55608268127 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539285714286 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 52.3901602297 49.2860985944 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.5333333333 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.6666666667 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140826066805 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0491809953285 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0324256334288 0.0662205650399 49% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0859823214198 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0295804844409 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.65 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 43, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e reading and the lecture are both about trade of fossils. The author of reading ...
^^
Line 1, column 125, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...feels disadvantages of fossil business. The lecturer challanges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 3, column 154, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...er to learn them to identify significant information about them. The lecturer, ho...
^^
Line 3, column 445, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'missing'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'cause' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: missing
... methods, trade of fossils do not cause to miss any crucial fact. Finally, the author ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, therefore, in addition, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 48.0 30.3222958057 158% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1463.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 280.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.225 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09062348924 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55608268127 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.539285714286 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 450.0 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 52.3901602297 49.2860985944 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.5333333333 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.6666666667 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.140826066805 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0491809953285 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0324256334288 0.0662205650399 49% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0859823214198 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0295804844409 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.65 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.