Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged animal.....
The reading discusses a fascinating topic pertaining to incapability of Pterosaurs which is an ancient time reptile and provides three reasons of support. However, the professor explains that pterosaurs are indeed capable of fly and opposes each of the author's reasons.
First, reading passage mentions that assuming pterosaurs had cold-blooded anatomy as today's reptiles. Thus, cold-blooded reptiles have slow mechanism induce them to be unable to produce high energy which is essential to fly. In contrary, the professor provides information that recent research on fossil revealed that these animal had dense hair covered body and fur which are normally found on animal whose are warm-blooded. Clearly, a disparity exists between the article and the evidence exhibited by the professor. As a result, we can safely assume that, indeed the pterosaurs were capable of flying owing to they were warm-blooded animals.
Second, the article pushes forth the idea that limitation existed on their weight. Since, they were as large as a giraffe, they cannot flapping the wing to take off. Nonetheless, the professor contends that their anatomic features approved that they had hallow bone which were light weighted bones so they were quite light to take off. Consequently, we can argue that indeed the claim made in the reading is unsubstantiated.
Finally, the reading posits that to lift off from ground animals need to use their legs in order to jump, run and so on. On contrary, old times winged reptiles had small legs and not much muscles that were concurred by a fossil. The professor refutes this point by explaining that actually the pterosaurs had 4 limbs which were capable of producing necessary energy so as to run or jump compared to two limped bird.
In summary, while both the reading and the lecture provide interesting information with regard to ancient group of winged reptile, a significant amount of evidence supports that the professor presented much more legitimate and tangible factors. Thus, the reading passage fails to justify the claim toward stand points of the professor.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-04-12 | toefl 2019 | 54 | view |
| 2019-04-12 | toefl 2019 | 3 | view |
| 2019-04-12 | toefl 2019 | 3 | view |
| 2018-04-28 | Soltani Ali | 81 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 184, Rule ID: MUCH_COUNTABLE[1]
Message: Use 'many' with countable nouns.
Suggestion: many
... winged reptiles had small legs and not much muscles that were concurred by a fossil...
^^^^
Line 7, column 367, Rule ID: SO_AS_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'to'
Suggestion: to
...e capable of producing necessary energy so as to run or jump compared to two limped bird...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 411, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'bird' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'birds'.
Suggestion: birds
...s to run or jump compared to two limped bird. In summary, while both the reading ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, consequently, finally, first, however, if, nonetheless, second, so, thus, while, as to, in summary, as a result, with regard to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1772.0 1373.03311258 129% => OK
No of words: 336.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27380952381 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28139028586 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71504270981 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 192.0 145.348785872 132% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.571428571429 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 548.1 419.366225166 131% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.340452091 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.75 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5625 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.211337652149 0.272083759551 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0610676072998 0.0996497079465 61% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0608267910182 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.112541657751 0.162205337803 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0296603102355 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.24 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 97.0 63.6247240618 152% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.