In this set of materials, the reading section provides three reasons to indicate pterosaurs were not capable of powered flight, but the speaker expresses recent researches have revealed that these animals could flight.
Based on the passage, the ancient pterosaurs were cold-blooded animals and had a slow metabolism, therefore they were unable to generate the energy needed to fly. In contrast, the lecture disagrees with this reason and points out these animals had dense hair covering, like warm-blooded ones, which maintained their body warm and helped them to produce enough energy for flying.
In addition, the author believes that the pterosaurs would not have been able to flap their wings fast enough to stay aloft, because they were heavy and large. However, the speaker refutes this reason and mentions these animals had hollow bones instead of solid which made their weight low enough to fly.
Moreover, the reading states unlike birds, the pterosaurs could not fly because, their back leg muscles were too small and weak to allow them to run fast enough or jump high enough in order to fly. But based on the listening section, the pterosaurs were animals which walked on all four limbs on the ground and use them to launch themselves into the air.
- TPO-47 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 73
- TPO-48 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Because modern life is very complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize. 73
- TPO-22 - Integrated Writing Task Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasol 73
- TPO-34 - Integrated Writing Task A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see 80
- Which one do you think is the most important for high school teacher (age from 15 to 18)?1.The ability to give students advice to plan for their future2.The ability to find which students need help and provide them with help3.The ability to encourage stud 73
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, however, moreover, so, therefore, in addition, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalization wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1055.0 1373.03311258 77% => OK
No of words: 209.0 270.72406181 77% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.04784688995 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.80221413058 4.04702891845 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.31277236335 2.5805825403 90% => OK
Unique words: 126.0 145.348785872 87% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.602870813397 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 315.9 419.366225166 75% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences, or put a space between two sentences.
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => OK
Sentence length SD: 28.2423910649 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 150.714285714 110.228320801 137% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.8571428571 21.698381199 138% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.0 7.06452816374 127% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.474755668179 0.272083759551 174% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.216759520446 0.0996497079465 218% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0894439532825 0.0662205650399 135% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.27291408958 0.162205337803 168% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0381505628453 0.0443174109184 86% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.3 13.3589403974 130% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.5 53.8541721854 94% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.6 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.85 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 50.0 63.6247240618 79% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.